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TOEFL BNC: 12074 COCA: 21636

harrow

1 of 3

verb (1)

har·​row ˈher-(ˌ)ō How to pronounce harrow (audio)
ˈha-(ˌ)rō
harrowed; harrowing; harrows

transitive verb

archaic
: pillage, plunder
long harrowed by oppressor's hand Sir Walter Scott

harrow

2 of 3

noun

: a cultivating tool set with spikes, teeth, or disks and used primarily for breaking up and smoothing the soil

harrow

3 of 3

verb (2)

harrowed; harrowing; harrows

transitive verb

1
: to cultivate with a harrow (see harrow entry 2)
harrow the fields
2
: torment, vex
harrowed by war
has not set out to appall the reader with horrors nor to harrow him with miseries Douglas Stewart
harrower
ˈher-ə-wər How to pronounce harrow (audio)
ˈha-rə-
noun

Word History

Etymology

Verb (1)

Middle English herwen, harwen — more at harry

Note: See note at harry.

Noun

Middle English harewe, harwe, harow, of uncertain origin

Note: The Oxford English Dictionary, first edition, suggests inheritance from an unattested Old English *hearwe or *hearge, though the Middle English word is perhaps more likely a loan from Old Norse, despite the phonetic objections—compare Norwegian harv, horv "harrow," Swedish harv, Danish harve, Old Icelandic herfi. The further origin of the Scandinavian word is unclear. G. Kroonen, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Brill, 2013) suggests as an etymon *harbō, akin to *harbjan- "to pluck" (whence, allegedly, Norwegian dialect herva "to snatch"), akin to Germanic *harbista- "autumn" and Latin carpere "to pluck, pick, gather" (see harvest entry 1). A harrow, however, is not a tool for plucking or gathering.

Verb (2)

Middle English harwen, harowen, derivative of harwe, harow harrow entry 2

First Known Use

Verb (1)

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined above

Noun

14th century, in the meaning defined above

Verb (2)

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of harrow was before the 12th century

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