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IELTS BNC: 2660 COCA: 3276

awful

1 awful /ˈɑːfəl/ adjective
1 awful
/ˈɑːfəl/
adjective
Learner's definition of AWFUL
[more awful; most awful]
: extremely bad or unpleasant极糟的;令人极不愉快的
formal + old-fashioned : causing feelings of fear and wonder : awesome可怕的;令人敬畏的

an awful lot

informal
: a large amount大批;大量
: very much非常

— awfulness

noun [noncount]
2 awful /ˈɑːfəl/ adverb
2 awful
/ˈɑːfəl/
adverb
Learner's definition of AWFUL
chiefly US, informal
: very or extremely : awfully非常;极其
IELTS BNC: 2660 COCA: 3276

awful

1 of 2

adjective

aw·​ful ˈȯ-fəl How to pronounce awful (audio)
1
: extremely disagreeable or objectionable
awful food
awful behavior
an awful experience
2
informal : exceedingly great
used as an intensive
an awful lot of money
3
: inspiring awe
… the presence of Nature in all her awful loveliness. George Eliot
4
: filled with awe: such as
a
: deeply respectful or reverential
b
obsolete : afraid, terrified
awfully
ˈȯ-fə-lē How to pronounce awful (audio)
 especially as an adverb of adjective senses 3 and 4  -flē
adverb
an awfully [=extremely] long time
behaving awfully
awfulness noun
Using Awful as an Adjective and Adverb: Usage Guide

Some grammarians take issue with the senses of awful and awfully that do not convey the etymological connection with awe. However, senses 1 and 2 of the adjective were being used in speech and casual writing by the late 18th century.

It is an awful while since you have heard from me … John Keats (letter)
There was an awful crowd … Sir Walter Scott (letter)
This is an awful thing to say to Oil Painters … William Blake

Adverbial use of awful as an intensifier began to appear in print in the early 19th century, as did the senses of awfully corresponding to senses 1 and 2 of the adjective. Awfully continues to enjoy widespread use in newspapers and the like.

It is worth remembering that the vote in the Senate about the Gulf War was an awfully close 53 to 47 … James P. Rubin
"Let the good times roll" can be an awfully alluring philosophy … Rod Dreher

The adverb awful, on the other hand, is largely restricted to informal prose and to the spoken language it emulates and is chiefly an American use.

I tell them that seven years is an awful long time. Kenneth Feinberg
Awful quiet out there, I thought. Disquietingly quiet. Mike Sutter
"There are some awful good golfers playing in the tournament this week," observed Cook. George Geise

awful

2 of 2

adverb

chiefly US, informal
: very, extremely
awful tired
an awful long time

Example Sentences

Adjective They heard the most awful sounds. Awful things began to happen. He has some awful disease. That joke is just awful. That's an awful thing to say. Who painted the house that awful color? The mountains have an awful majesty. Adverb We haven't heard from him in an awful long time. You've come an awful long way. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
The Hurricanes didn’t have an awful day in pass coverage, but the Golden Eagles did get the better of UM’s defensive backs on some 50-50 balls. Adam Lichtenstein, Sun Sentinel, 11 Sep. 2022 If the defense had been less than awful, such as in the finale when a Raiders draw converted a critical third-and-23, his system would’ve received the credit. Tom Krasovic, San Diego Union-Tribune, 11 Sep. 2022 MacKenzie, who pitched for Yale, was the only pitcher on the original, endearingly awful 1962 Mets to post a winning record. Dom Amore, Hartford Courant, 10 Sep. 2022 And that’s where the hope, in the wake of this awful tragedy for my city, comes in. Jeff Eager, WSJ, 9 Sep. 2022 Despite the awful weather, the crowds grew and people stood under their umbrellas just looking at the central London Palace, taking in this historical moment. Victoria Murphy, Town & Country, 9 Sep. 2022 Yes, heartbreak is real and awful, but life and nature keep going. Meghan Leahy, Washington Post, 7 Sep. 2022 Medical folks, to his objection, put it in one of those awful plaster casts a couple of days before duck season opened. Steve Meyer, Anchorage Daily News, 4 Sep. 2022 Healey’s fait accompli is likely to depress turnout on Tuesday (the day after Labor Day weekend is a truly awful day on which to hold a primary, by the way). BostonGlobe.com, 3 Sep. 2022
Adverb
Someone who has worked awful hard, has a great skill set, four years of college, four years of lifting, four years of game-planning at a high level in Division III. Dom Amore, Hartford Courant, 26 May 2022 First, there is the question whether the awful-looking restraint maneuver Chauvin used was actually authorized at the time, or at least not clearly forbidden. D.j. Tice, Star Tribune, 20 Feb. 2021 The following day, Gonzalez was back at the testing site, helping patients — many of whom had fevers and awful-sounding coughs — fill out their paperwork. Karen Ann Cullotta, chicagotribune.com, 2 Oct. 2020 See More

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

Middle English aghful, awful "frightful, terrifying, commanding great respect, worthy of reverence," from aw, awe "terror, dread, extreme reverence" + -ful -ful entry 1 — more at awe entry 1

Adverb

derivative of awful entry 1

First Known Use

Adjective

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 3

Adverb

1816, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of awful was in the 14th century
IELTS BNC: 2660 COCA: 3276
awful

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB VERBSbe, feel, look, smell, sound, taste可怕;感覺難過;看上去糟糕;難聞;難聽;難吃I felt awful when I realized what I'd done.我意識到自己的所作所為時,感到難過極了。The fish tasted awful.這魚難吃。ADVERBjust, quite, really, simply, truly的確/相當/確實/就是/真的糟糕a truly awful book一本真正糟糕的書absolutely, the most極其糟糕;非常可怕She's the most awful snob.她是那種最可怕的勢利小人。pretty, rather相當糟糕

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