Proliferate is a back-formation of proliferation. That means that proliferation came first (we borrowed it from French in the 18th century) and was later shortened to form the verb proliferate. Ultimately these terms come from Latin. The French adjective prolifère ("reproducing freely") comes from the Latin noun proles and the Latin combining form -fer. Proles means "offspring" or "descendants," and -fer means "bearing." Both of these Latin forms gave rise to numerous other English words. Prolific and proletarian ultimately come from proles; aquifer and words ending in -ferous have their roots in -fer.
rumors about the incident proliferated on the Internet
Recent Examples on the WebFictional matters proliferate, even as fiction itself implodes. Merve Emre, The New Yorker, 25 July 2022 Full-service grocery stores proliferate across the city, but in majority-Black wards 7 and 8, that number can be counted on one hand. Vanessa G. Sánchez, Washington Post, 7 July 2022 These beneficial microorganisms then proliferate and push out pathogenic bacteria.The Salt Lake Tribune, 7 June 2022 In 21st-century America, such toxic narratives not only proliferate but increasingly gain legitimacy and currency within public discourse. Arie Kruglanski, The Conversation, 19 May 2022 As sports documentaries and biopics proliferate—yet another Lakers series, this one created with the team’s owner, is expected this summer from Hulu—such categories are shifting. Ellen Gamerman, WSJ, 4 May 2022 Georgian restaurants proliferate in Saint Petersburg, and many Americans might recall the news footage of Muscovites swarming the country’s first McDonald’s in 1990. Soleil Ho, San Francisco Chronicle, 11 Apr. 2022 Their rise in popularity preceded the pandemic, as smartphones became indispensable to people of all ages, and these tools have continued to proliferate and evolve with society. Rayna Song, USA TODAY, 9 Aug. 2022 Lawyers expect questions around victims’ rights will continue to proliferate in white-collar crime cases. Dylan Tokar, WSJ, 4 Aug. 2022 See More
Word History
Etymology
back-formation from proliferation, from French prolifération, from proliférer to proliferate, from prolifère reproducing freely, from Latin proles + -fer -ferous