: a unit of length equal to six feet (1.83 meters) used especially for measuring the depth of water—sometimes used in the singular when qualified by a number
Fathom comes from Old English fæthm, meaning "outstretched arms." The noun fathom, which now commonly refers to a measure (especially of depth) of six feet, was originally used for the distance, fingertip to fingertip, created by stretching one's arms straight out from the sides of the body. In one of its earliest uses, the verb fathom was a synonym of our modern embrace: to fathom someone was to clasp the person in your arms. By the 1600s fathom had taken to the seas, as the verb was used to mean "to measure by a sounding line." At the same time, the verb also developed senses synonymous with probe or investigate, and it is now frequently used to refer to the act of getting to the bottom of something, figuratively speaking.
Noun The water here is five fathoms deep. Verb the pilot had to continually fathom the river, which drought conditions had lowered to unprecedented levels
Recent Examples on the Web
Noun
Musk’s tumble only underscores the hard-to-fathom velocity of his ascent. Devon Pendleton, Fortune, 6 Mar. 2021 But in today’s world of restrictions on size, quantity and season, releasing reef fish has become part of our new reality—as are the challenges of ensuring postrelease survival for an animal pulled up from 20 fathoms.Popular Science, 11 Feb. 2020 That impulse, growing out of one pivotal song, eventually pointed the way to the fathoms of Ocean, the group’s new album, their seventh, which debuts Friday. Nancy Kruh, PEOPLE.com, 15 Nov. 2019 The lines were marked at two, three, five, seven, 10, 13, 15, 17 and 20 fathoms. Richard Lederer, San Diego Union-Tribune, 19 Oct. 2019 The submarine is recorded in 1,805 fathoms of water, or 8,310 feet, and makes a test dive. Kyle Mizokami, Popular Mechanics, 7 Jan. 2019 Leadbetter Point to Cape Falcon - Nearshore (inside 40 fathoms) opens May 7; Mondays to Wednesdays until 500 pounds are caught or Sept. 30. Bill Monroe, OregonLive.com, 20 Apr. 2018 Get ready to be terrified by the mysterious fathoms below! Laura Beck, Cosmopolitan, 27 Jan. 2018 More than 200 years later, our low tide was at the same time Cook's high had been, and 4 fathoms — 24 feet — was an understatement. Erin Mckittrick, Alaska Dispatch News, 15 Sep. 2017
Verb
The relatives cannot fathom a rational person switching sides – and now dreaming impossible Bengal dreams. Mike Bass, The Enquirer, 28 July 2022 Following each passing, the Thread became a place to express our grief, to memorialize our brothers and, in time, to fathom ways to endure.New York Times, 23 Sep. 2021 While space hotels might be hard to fathom, plans for this life-changing invention are well on their way, with space companies such as Orbital Assembly on track to open their doors for people before the end of this decade.WSJ, 2 Aug. 2022 So much so that, today’s young girls can’t even fathom not being able to play their sports or go to medical school. Jordan Ligons, Essence, 21 June 2022 The fact that Saget, who died yesterday in Florida at age 65, won’t be around for either a cure or for that celebratory conversation is something Evnin can’t fathom. Chris Gardner, The Hollywood Reporter, 10 Jan. 2022 This might be hard to fathom, but training your chest shouldn't be solely focused on exercises that target the chest. Jeff Tomko, Men's Health, 26 July 2022 Hard to fathom the blatant stupidity that went behind the Raiders’ decision to organize a group-stomp on the Chiefs’ logo before the game at Kansas City (a 48-9 loss). Bruce Jenkins, San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Dec. 2021 More important is the large-scale disruption of lives, which would be hard to fathom. Michael Smolenscolumnist, San Diego Union-Tribune, 19 June 2022 See More
Word History
Etymology
Noun and Verb
Middle English fadme, from Old English fæthm outstretched arms, length of the outstretched arms; akin to Old Norse fathmr fathom, Latin patēre to be open, pandere to spread out, Greek petannynai
First Known Use
Noun
before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1