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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701

virus

virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ noun
plural viruses
virus
/ˈvaɪrəs/
noun
plural viruses
Learner's definition of VIRUS
[count]
: an extremely small living thing that causes a disease and that spreads from one person or animal to another病毒
: a disease or illness caused by a virus : a viral disease病毒性疾病
computers : a program that is designed to harm a computer by deleting data, ruining files, etc., and that can be spread secretly from one computer to another(计算机)病毒
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701

virus

noun

vi·​rus ˈvī-rəs How to pronounce virus (audio)
plural viruses
1
a
: any of a large group of submicroscopic infectious agents that are usually regarded as nonliving extremely complex molecules, that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no semipermeable membrane, that are capable of growth and multiplication only in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals, and plants
b
: a disease or illness caused by a virus
c
: the causative agent of an infectious disease
2
: something that poisons the mind or soul
the force of this virus of prejudice V. S. Waters
3
: a computer program that is usually disguised as an innocuous program or file, that often produces copies of itself and inserts them into other programs, and that when run usually performs a malicious action (such as destroying data or damaging software)
4
archaic : venom sense 1

Example Sentences

Is the illness caused by bacteria or a virus? I think I have the virus that's going around this winter. The software checks your hard drive for viruses.
Recent Examples on the Web Steven lost his job, and early on, Andye caught the virus and was hospitalized. CNN, 15 Sep. 2022 But even as the rate of new cases slows, Singhal said disparities are growing among who is catching the virus and receiving the two-dose Jynneos vaccine. Grace Tooheystaff Writer, Los Angeles Times, 13 Sep. 2022 In the spring of 2020, meatpacking plants were shutting down as workers contracted the virus, and Yuma’s agricultural sector wanted to prevent a similar fate. Sarah Lapidus, The Arizona Republic, 13 Sep. 2022 Transportation Department caught the virus in April at a family wedding near his home in southern Wisconsin, where many guests were infected. Jon Kamp, WSJ, 11 Sep. 2022 Individuals who catch the virus will not experience symptoms or will have mild symptoms like body aches, fever and headaches. Chandra Fleming, Detroit Free Press, 8 Sep. 2022 That case differed in that the studio claimed its policy should have been triggered when unnamed cast members contracted the virus. Winston Cho, The Hollywood Reporter, 8 Sep. 2022 Variants are believed to develop within people who struggle to fight off the virus. Karen Weintraub, USA TODAY, 31 Aug. 2022 In all, lawmakers approved more than $5 trillion for covid relief, an unprecedented wave of emergency loans, grants and other assistance intended to fight the virus and pull America out of its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Lisa Rein And Yeganeh Torbati, Anchorage Daily News, 25 Aug. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, "pus, discharge from a sore, semen," borrowed from Latin vīrus (neuter) "venom, poisonous fluid, acrid element in a substance, secretion with medical or magical properties," going back to an Indo-European base *u̯is-/*u̯īs- "poison, venom," whence also Middle Irish "venom, poison, evil," Greek īós "poison," Tocharian A wäs and Tocharian B wase, Sanskrit viṣáṃ, Avestan viš, viša- (also vīš?); (sense 1) borrowed from German, borrowed from Latin

Note: The application of Latin vīrus to the submicroscopic infectious agents now considered viruses (rather than to any infectious agent) was apparently first made by the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck (1851-1931) in "Ueber ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksblätter," Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Tweede Sectie, Deel VI, no. 5 (1898). Beijerinck, in studying tobacco mosaic virus, mistakenly believed that the agent was a fluid (contagium vivum fluidum, "living fluid infection") because it passed through filters capable of trapping bacteria. — The neuter gender of vīrus suggests that it was originally an s-stem; forms in text other than the nominative and accusative are perhaps found only in Lucretius. The length of the vowel in Latin, Irish, and Greek, in contrast to the short vowel in Tocharian and Indo-Iranian, has been variously accounted for. M. Mayrhofer (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen) suggests that the etymon was originally a root noun, *u̯īs, *u̯is-ó-, with lengthening of the monosyllabic vowel; the daughter languages then generalized one or the other form.

First Known Use

1599, in the meaning defined at sense 4

Time Traveler
The first known use of virus was in 1599
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701
virus

noun¹

1sth that causes disease; a disease病毒ADJECTIVE | VERB + VIRUS | VIRUS + VERB | VIRUS + NOUN ADJECTIVEdeadly, killer, lethal致命的病毒nasty厲害的病毒virulent惡性病毒infectious傳染性病毒AIDS, flu, hepatitis, herpes, HIV, measles, etc.艾滋病、流感、肝炎、皰疹、人類免疫缺陷、麻疹等病毒airborne空氣傳播的病毒live活病毒VERB + VIRUSbe infected with, catch, contract, get被病毒感染;感染病毒carry攜帶病毒pass, pass on, spread, transmit傳播病毒;使病毒擴散An infected person can pass the virus to others.受感染者可能會把病毒傳給他人。isolate隔離病毒inactivate使病毒失活fight抗擊病毒detect, discover, identify查明/發現/識別病毒VIRUS + VERBinfect sb/sth病毒感染⋯attack sb/sth, kill sb/sth病毒侵襲⋯;病毒導致⋯死亡The virus attacks cells in the body.這種病毒攻擊體內的細胞。cause sth病毒導致⋯mutate病毒突變spread病毒傳播replicate (itself)病毒(自我)複製VIRUS + NOUNinfection病毒感染vaccine病毒疫苗transmission病毒傳播
virus

noun²

2computer virus計算機病毒ADJECTIVE | VERB + VIRUS | VIRUS + VERB | VIRUS + NOUN ADJECTIVEcomputer, email計算機/電子郵件病毒VERB + VIRUSbe infected with感染病毒create, develop, write創建電腦病毒;開發病毒;寫病毒to write computer viruses寫電腦病毒VIRUS + VERBattack sth, destroy sth電腦病毒攻擊⋯/摧毀⋯spread電腦病毒傳播VIRUS + NOUNthreat, warning病毒威脅/警告protection, scanner病毒防護/掃描軟件writer寫病毒的程序員

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