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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2031 COCA: 2328

fundamental
1 fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl̟/ adjective
1 fundamental
/ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl̟/
adjective
Learner's definition of FUNDAMENTAL
[more fundamental; most fundamental]
1 
: forming or relating to the most important part of something : basic基本的；根本的；首要的
— often + to
2 
: of or relating to the basic structure or function of something基础的；根本的
2 fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl̟/ noun
plural fundamentals
2 fundamental
/ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl̟/
noun
plural fundamentals
Learner's definition of FUNDAMENTAL
[count]
: one of the basic and important parts of something : a fundamental part根本；基础 — usually plural通常用复数
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2031 COCA: 2328

fundamental

1 of 2

adjective

fun·​da·​men·​tal ˌfən-də-ˈmen-tᵊl How to pronounce fundamental (audio)
1
a
: serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential structure or function : basic
Responsibility is fundamental to democracy.
The Constitution ensures our fundamental rights.
b
: serving as an original or generating source : primary
a discovery fundamental to modern computers
2
a
: of or relating to essential structure, function, or facts : radical
fundamental change
also : of or dealing with general principles rather than practical application
fundamental science
b
: adhering to fundamentalism
a preacher who is evangelical, Bible-teaching, and fundamental
3
: of central importance : principal
fundamental purpose
such fundamental events as birth, marriage, and death
4
: belonging to one's innate or ingrained characteristics : deep-rooted
her fundamental good humor
5
: of, relating to, or produced by the lowest component of a complex vibration (see vibration sense 1)

fundamental

2 of 2

noun

1
: something fundamental
especially : one of the minimum constituents without which a thing or a system would not be what it is
2
a
: the principal musical tone produced by vibration (as of a string or column of air) on which a series of higher harmonics is based
b
: the root of a chord
3
: the harmonic component of a complex wave that has the lowest frequency and commonly the greatest amplitude

Synonyms

Adjective

Noun

Choose the Right Synonym for fundamental

essential, fundamental, vital, cardinal mean so important as to be indispensable.

essential implies belonging to the very nature of a thing and therefore being incapable of removal without destroying the thing itself or its character.

conflict is essential in drama

fundamental applies to something that is a foundation without which an entire system or complex whole would collapse.

fundamental principles of algebra

vital suggests something that is necessary to a thing's continued existence or operation.

cut off from vital supplies

cardinal suggests something on which an outcome turns or depends.

a cardinal rule in buying a home

Example Sentences

Adjective The Constitution ensures our fundamental rights. There's a fundamental difference between these two political parties. These ideas are of fundamental importance. The revolution brought about a fundamental change in the country. We need to make some fundamental changes in the way we do business. We need to address these problems on a more fundamental level. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
Most controversially, a parallel Indigenous justice system would rule in cases that do not affect fundamental rights or international treaties signed by Chile. BostonGlobe.com, 2 Sep. 2022 But only when the policy environment secures fundamental rights. Wayne Winegarden, Forbes, 17 Aug. 2022 Then, as now, questions of fundamental rights and human dignity should not have been left up to the whims of voters or even state legislators. Jill Filipovic, CNN, 3 Aug. 2022 In this political climate, the tired rhetoric of encouraging a disillusioned base to vote, vote, vote their way out of a direct attack on their fundamental rights isn’t going to be popular. Hanna Lustig, Glamour, 2 Aug. 2022 Wilner and his team filed a lawsuit demanding fundamental due process rights for his clients. Jordan Michael Smith, The New Republic, 6 July 2022 Supreme Court decisions strip away fundamental rights from half our population. San Diego Union-Tribune, 1 July 2022 World leaders from across the political spectrum referred to the United States as a cautionary tale of how fundamental rights can be lost. Shira Rubin, Washington Post, 28 June 2022 California’s largest city, and the state as a whole, are now bastions of democracy, bulwarks for fundamental rights that are disappearing in MAGA states. Los Angeles Times, 26 June 2022
Noun
While the technology may be new to some organizations, hiring the right people and assembling great teams is a business fundamental that has stood the test of time. Daphne Kis, Forbes, 12 Apr. 2022 One fundamental that makes coaching successful is the nature of the relationship between the two people involved. Jack Zenger, Forbes, 3 Jan. 2022 The short-yardage problems were more muscle-mass fundamental. Dave Hyde, sun-sentinel.com, 6 Nov. 2021 Together, the advances span the fundamental to the applied. Chad Mirkin, Scientific American, 9 Oct. 2021 The program teaches students the fundamental of electricity as well as the math and sciences needed to work on power lines. Leada Gore | Lgore@al.com, al, 6 Apr. 2021 This has always been a timeless fundamental of marketing, but so much more evident now. Sarah Hofstetter, Forbes, 17 Mar. 2021 Called Fleming's Left Hand Rule, this fundamental of electromagnetism states that the confluence of a magnetic field and an electric current passing through a fluid will cause the fluid to be propelled in one direction. Abe Dane, Popular Mechanics, 14 Jan. 2021 For a company of its size, that kind of a move is less a reflection of business fundamentals,... Laura Forman, WSJ, 26 May 2020 See More

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin fundāmentālis "serving as a foundation," from Latin fundāmentum "foundation, basis" + -ālis -al entry 1 — more at fundament

Noun

derivative of fundamental entry 1

First Known Use

Adjective

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1b

Noun

1617, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of fundamental was in the 15th century

Phrases Containing fundamental
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2031 COCA: 2328
fundamental

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, seem是基本；似乎是根本▸➤remain仍然是根本▸➤consider sth, regard sth as認為⋯是根本◇We consider these rights fundamental to democracy.我們認為這些權利是民主的基礎。ADVERB➤really, truly, very必不可少；非常重要◇I think they made a very fundamental mistake.我認為他們犯了一個根本性的錯誤。➤absolutely, quite (especially BrE) 絕對重要；十分根本◇This principle is absolutely fundamental.這項原則絕對重要。➤fairly, rather (especially NAmE) 相當必要PREPOSITION➤to對⋯極其重要◇Improved funding is fundamental to the success of the project.獲得更多的資金對這一項目的成敗至關重要。➤for對⋯來說極其重要◇Low interest rates are fundamental for growth.低利率對增長極其重要。

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