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refraction

noun

re·​frac·​tion ri-ˈfrak-shən How to pronounce refraction (audio)
1
: deflection from a straight path undergone by a light ray or energy wave in passing obliquely from one medium (such as air) into another (such as glass) in which its velocity is different
2
: the change in the apparent position of a celestial body due to bending of the light rays emanating from it as they pass through the atmosphere
also : the correction to be applied to the apparent position of a body because of this bending
3
: the action of distorting an image by viewing through a medium
also : an instance of this

Illustration of refraction

Illustration of refraction
  • a light ray
  • b reflected ray
  • c refracted ray

Did you know?

The root of refraction is seen in the notion that the path of a ray of light or wave of energy is "broken" when it is deflected or turned. The effects of refraction can be seen in a rainbow, which is formed when light rays passing into (and reflecting out of) water droplets are bent at different angles depending on their color, so that the light separates into bands of color. The amount of refraction depends on the angle and the type of matter; refraction can occur even when passing through different kinds of air. A mirage, such as you might see in the desert or over a patch of asphalt in the summer, occurs when light passing through warm air meets the very hot air near the surface; reflecting the sky, it often resembles a lake.

Example Sentences

Recent Examples on the Web In 2020, California’s medical board reprimanded his medical license for failing to supervise technicians in person who were performing refraction eye exams on patients. Hartford Courant, 16 Aug. 2022 Iridescence forms as a result of diffraction, which isn’t to be confused with refraction, which is the cause of rainbows and halos. Matthew Cappucci, Washington Post, 9 Aug. 2022 But, ice is less dense than water, and hail doesn’t tend to fall as thickly as rain, so its refraction of cell signal will be less, too. Wes Siler, Outside Online, 20 May 2017 The processes of reflection, refraction, and diffraction of light can produce some really interesting things in the sky. Marshall Shepherd, Forbes, 17 May 2022 This spectacular optics are caused by the presence of ice crystals interacting with sunlight (mainly refraction). Marshall Shepherd, Forbes, 17 May 2022 The Refractive Index Matching Technology encourages even light refraction across the hair’s surface for a clean and even finish. Chris Hachey, BGR, 29 Apr. 2022 And people with a still-somewhat-flexible lens (that is, perhaps younger people whose up-close vision is just starting to blur) also get the benefit of more refraction. Steven Odierna As Told To Stephanie Dolgoff, Good Housekeeping, 9 Mar. 2022 Hold it up to the light, see light itself broken down within the shining layers—reflection, refraction, diffraction. Greg Delanty, The Atlantic, 2 Mar. 2022 See More

Word History

First Known Use

1603, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of refraction was in 1603

Phrases Containing refraction

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