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IELTS BNC: 105 COCA: 108

back

1 of 4

noun

ˈbak How to pronounce back (audio)
plural backs
1
a(1)
: the rear part of the human body especially from the neck to the end of the spine
(2)
: the body considered as the wearer of clothes
They were left with nothing but the clothes on their backs.
(3)
: capacity for labor, effort, or endurance
Put your back into it!
(4)
: the back considered as the seat of one's awareness of duty or failings
get off my back
(5)
: the back considered as an area of vulnerability
the police officer's partner always watches his back
b
: the part of a lower animal (such as a quadruped) corresponding to the human back
riding on the back of an elephant
c
: spinal column
She had surgery on her back.
d
: spine sense 1c
The title is on the book's back.
2
a
: the side or surface opposite the front or face
I only saw him from the back.
: the rear part
the back of the head
the back of the mirror
also : the farther or reverse side
wrote the number on the back of an envelope
b
: something at or on the back for support
back of a chair
c
: a place away from the front
sat in back
3
: a position in some games (such as football or soccer) behind the front line of players
also : a player in this position
a defensive back
4
informal : a swimming race in which swimmers use the backstroke
She placed first in the 100-meter back.
backed
ˈbakt How to pronounce back (audio)
adjective
backless
ˈbak-ləs How to pronounce back (audio)
adjective

back

2 of 4

adverb

1
a
: to, toward, or at the rear
asked the crowd to move back
b
: in or into the past : backward in time
looking back on her youth
an event back in the last century
Back then, no one had ever heard of chronic fatigue syndrome.
also : ago
several years back
met him in the street two days back
c
: to or at an angle off the vertical
leaned back on his chair
d(1)
: under restraint
He wanted to fight but his friends held him back.
holding back a laugh
(2)
: in a delayed or retarded condition
Bad weather set the launch date back several days.
e
: in an inferior or secondary position
especially : behind a competitor in points or ranking
finished three strokes back
2
a
: to, toward, or in a place from which a person or thing came
She left home and never went back.
put the book back
b
: to or toward a former state
went back to private life
c
: in return or reply
forgot to write back

back

3 of 4

adjective

1
a
: being at or in the back
back door
b
: distant from a central or main area
back roads
c
of a speech sound : articulated at or toward the back of the oral passage : formed deep within the mouth
back vowels
2
: having returned or been returned
3
: being in arrears : overdue
is owed several months in back pay
4
: moving or operating backward : reverse
back action with oars
5
: not current
back issues of a magazine
6
golf : constituting the final 9 holes of an 18-hole course

back

4 of 4

verb

backed; backing; backs

transitive verb

1
a
: to support by material or moral assistance
backing a candidate for governor
—often used with up
back up a friend in a fight
b
: substantiate
—often used with up
needs to back up her argument with evidence
c
: to assume financial responsibility for
back a new company
d
: to provide musical accompaniment for
—often used with up
a singer backed up by a guitarist
2
a
: to cause to go back (see back entry 2 sense 1a) or in reverse
back the car into the garage
b
: to articulate (a speech sound) with the tongue farther back : to form deeper within the mouth
3
a
: to furnish with a rear part : to furnish with a back (see back entry 1 sense 2)
back a skirt with stiff material
b
: to be at the rear part of : to be at the back (see back entry 1 sense 2) of
a row of garages back the building

intransitive verb

1
: to move backward
backed into a parking space
—often used with up
back up to give him some spaceLet's back up a little to clarify what we're saying.
2
of the wind : to shift counterclockwise compare veer entry 1 sense 2
3
: to have the rear part facing in the direction of something
The house backs onto a golf course.
backer
ˈba-kər How to pronounce back (audio)
noun
Phrases
back of one's hand or back of the hand
: a show of contempt
back of one's mind
: the part of one's mind where thoughts and memories are stored to be drawn on
behind one's back
: without one's knowledge
talking about me behind my back
in back of
: behind
One day, I was sitting in the tiny parlor in back of the store … John McNulty
back and fill
1
nautical : to manage the sails of a ship so as to keep it clear of obstructions as it floats down with the current of a river or channel
2
: to take opposite positions alternately : shilly-shally
has been back and filling on the issue
back into
: to get into inadvertently
backed into the antiques business

Synonyms

Noun

Adverb

Adjective

Verb

Choose the Right Synonym for back

support, uphold, advocate, back, champion mean to favor actively one that meets opposition.

support is least explicit about the nature of the assistance given.

supports waterfront development

uphold implies extended support given to something attacked.

upheld the legitimacy of the military action

advocate stresses urging or pleading.

advocated prison reform

back suggests supporting by lending assistance to one failing or falling.

refusing to back the call for sanctions

champion suggests publicly defending one unjustly attacked or too weak to advocate his or her own cause.

championed the rights of children

recede, retreat, retract, back mean to move backward.

recede implies a gradual withdrawing from a forward or high fixed point in time or space.

the flood waters gradually receded

retreat implies withdrawal from a point or position reached.

retreating soldiers

retract implies drawing back from an extended position.

a cat retracting its claws

back is used with up, down, out, or off to refer to any retrograde motion.

backed off on the throttle

Example Sentences

Noun She was carrying her little daughter on her back. She has a pain in the small of her back. I slapped him on his back to congratulate him. She stabbed him in the back. He had his hands behind his back. a bird with a dark back riding on the back of a horse a comfortable chair with a padded back Adverb The soldiers moved back from the front lines. The police asked the crowd to move back from the scene of the accident. He left his friends two miles back. She turned around and looked back toward him. a chapter beginning several pages back He left his home and never went back. It's time to go back home. She took the book off the shelf and forgot to put it back. In the opening chapter the author looks back on his youth. an event back in the last century Adjective He keeps his wallet in his back pocket. We came in through the back entrance. We drove on the back roads instead of the main roads. The company owes him several months in back pay. Verb I'm backing him for President. She backed the winner of the race and won a lot of money. She backed her argument with written evidence. She backed the singer on the guitar. She backed into a parking space. She backed out of the garage. The dog kept growling but backed off cautiously. back a skirt with stiff material See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Noun
Shariatzadeh wore a white open-back halter neck gown with floral details visible from behind. Grace Gavilanes, Peoplemag, 6 Sep. 2022 Srinivasan thinks an attack-back strategy could work. Anthony Lydgate, WIRED, 6 Sep. 2022 By her staff’s back-of-the-napkin math, this would add up to about $42 million annually at first, a jump from the $8 million that’s currently coming out of the state’s general fund. Erika D. Smithcolumnist, Los Angeles Times, 6 Sep. 2022 Van Putten's enthusiasm for back-of-house restaurant work sets her apart in the job market nationwide, too. Allison Salerno, BostonGlobe.com, 5 Sep. 2022 Bradley played in three games total vs. Central Michigan during his days at Toledo, twice as a starter and once as a back-up. Creg Stephenson | Cstephenson@al.com, al, 5 Sep. 2022 Spears sprays baby oil onto the child’s back and massages it into his shoulders in one scene, and at another point the child plays with a train in a manner that suggests phallic masturbation. Ethan Shanfeld, Variety, 5 Sep. 2022 The other back making a nice debut was Montrell Johnson. David Whitley, USA TODAY, 4 Sep. 2022 The handles have rubber grips, and the back features high-density foam padding, both of which prevent slippage and muscle fatigue. Kathleen Willcox, Popular Mechanics, 4 Sep. 2022
Adverb
In the course of his football career going back to his youth football days, the 6-5, 230-pounder has played every position on defense but defensive tackle. Dustin Dopirak, The Indianapolis Star, 7 Sep. 2022 In Utah's Salt Lake City - a city at more than 4,000 feet elevation - temperatures were about 20 degrees higher than normal, hitting 105 on Tuesday, the hottest September day recorded going back to 1874. CBS News, 7 Sep. 2022 Now, as the pandemic disruptions wane, many of these families aren’t going back, opting instead to stick with personalized curricula and private instruction. Douglas Belkin, WSJ, 7 Sep. 2022 Like going back to your hometown and your family and your first best job ever all at once. Kelly Wynne, Peoplemag, 7 Sep. 2022 That's the hottest September day recorded going back to 1874. Fox News, 6 Sep. 2022 Besides going back to a pre-pandemic lifestyle, some owners are surrendering their pets because of economic reasons, which include moving to a new home, according to the Connecticut Humane Society. Ed Stannard, Hartford Courant, 6 Sep. 2022 For the first time in 30 years, Avila will not be going back to school as classes resume Tuesday in the small, southwest Texas city. Acacia Coronado, Anchorage Daily News, 6 Sep. 2022 Katie going back to the wildfires for a second, has there been any significant damage caused by any of them yet? Taylor Wilson, USA TODAY, 6 Sep. 2022
Adjective
Mobility issues: If your back pain prevents you from easily hopping down on the floor, for example, the portable style might not be right for you. Sara Gaynes Levy, Peoplemag, 7 Sep. 2022 Inside Catholic Medical Center, the face-saving story to explain his month-long absence that circulated among colleagues was that Baribeau was on leave to undergo surgery for back pain, an issue that dogged him through the latter part of his career. BostonGlobe.com, 7 Sep. 2022 Too much pressure can cause the bed to sink in and jeopardize spine alignment, leading to back pain. Lexie Sachs, Good Housekeeping, 1 Sep. 2022 Read on for a brief rundown of this series to train around lower back pain and watch the video above to see each exercise in action. Perri O. Blumberg, Men's Health, 24 Aug. 2022 Search interest in back pain has climbed steadily since Google first began tracking data in 2004. Sarah Todd, Quartz, 23 Aug. 2022 Ramon Castillo, Ruiz’s lawyer, said Ruiz was taken to the hospital from Volcano Bay with a headache, neck and back pain and was hospitalized for just under 23 hours. Katie Rice, Orlando Sentinel, 16 Aug. 2022 The Mustang’s driver complained of back pain and paramedics took her to a hospital, Posada said. Alex Riggins, San Diego Union-Tribune, 10 Aug. 2022 So building strong glutes play an important role in warding off lower back pain. Tiffany Ayuda, SELF, 8 Aug. 2022
Verb
Conservative radio host Howie Carr’s decision to back Chris Doughty and turn on Geoff Diehl, a longtime ally and fellow Donald Trump supporter, potentially portends a still-shifting race. Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com, 6 Sep. 2022 Yet even though the FBI has found no evidence to back these claims, and The Washington Times ultimately issued a correction to the article, the disinformation is still widely accessible with a simple Google search. Wired, 18 Aug. 2022 Trump and his allies have denounced the search as unlawful and politically motivated, but provided no evidence to back that up and have refused to share a copy of the warrant with the public. Perry Stein, Washington Post, 11 Aug. 2022 With the Senate currently divided 50-50 along party lines, Democrats will need both the full support of their own party (a threshold reached thanks to Manchin’s decision to back the bill) and the tie-breaking vote from Vice President Kamala Harris. Liam Hess, Vogue, 28 July 2022 Labor officials did not elaborate on their decision to back Steele, the president of the board of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District, over Kaegi, who defeated controversial longtime assessor Joseph Berrios in 2018. Rick Pearson, chicagotribune.com, 6 Apr. 2022 Murkowski shrugged off the political attacks that could come from her decision to back Jackson as worth the risk. Lisa Mascaro, Anchorage Daily News, 6 Apr. 2022 At a separate news conference, Jagmeet Singh, head of the New Democrats, said that having a formal agreement was critical to his decision to back the Liberals. New York Times, 22 Mar. 2022 Abu Dhabi’s decision to not back the resolution also appeared linked to its effort to win Moscow’s backing for a separate U.N. resolution condemning missile and drone attacks against the U.A.E. and Saudi Arabia by Houthi rebels in Yemen. Benoit Faucon, WSJ, 2 Mar. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Noun

Middle English, from Old English bæc; akin to Old High German bah back, Old Norse bak

Adverb

Middle English bac, aphetic form of abak aback

Adjective

Middle English, partly attributive use of bac, back back entry 1, partly derivative of back back entry 2

Verb

verbal derivative of back entry 1

First Known Use

Noun

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a(1)

Adverb

13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Adjective

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Verb

1548, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of back was before the 12th century

Phrases Containing back

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