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involuntary

adjective

in·​vol·​un·​tary (ˌ)in-ˈvä-lən-ˌter-ē How to pronounce involuntary (audio)
-ˌte-rē
1
: done contrary to or without choice
2
3
: not subject to control of the will : reflex
involuntarily adverb
involuntariness noun

Example Sentences

Breathing and circulation are involuntary processes. When the door burst open, she let out an involuntary shriek. The lawyer argued that the client's confession was involuntary.
Recent Examples on the Web Spears refused to participate in the film, which chronicled her breakdown, involuntary hospitalization and subsequent conservatorship. Kristin J. Lieb, The Conversation, 17 June 2021 Even after the city clarified the mistake, people fumed over social media about the involuntary wake-up call. Nathan Solis, Los Angeles Times, 17 May 2022 Rights groups have likened it to an island jail and said some relocations were involuntary. Reuters, CNN, 24 Nov. 2021 White-collar, full-time jobs were down by 71,000 over the month, while voluntary and involuntary part-time workers increased by 384,000. Jack Kelly, Forbes, 9 Aug. 2022 It’s in the middle of this list with a relatively low number of voluntary and involuntary bumping. cleveland, 5 June 2022 Herbert’s sense of revolt is innocent, his whirlwind of chaos is involuntary, his need for love is overwhelming. Richard Brody, The New Yorker, 23 July 2022 Between 2014 and 2020, 29% of departures by presidents of NCAA Division 1 public universities were involuntary, up from 19% between 2007 and 2013, and 10% between 2000 and 2006. Daniel Golden, ProPublica, 4 July 2022 The majority of them were essentially voluntary and then some were involuntary. Mark Maurer, WSJ, 5 Apr. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Middle English involuntari, from Late Latin involuntarius, from Latin in- + voluntarius voluntary

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of involuntary was in the 15th century

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