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temper

1 of 2

noun

tem·​per ˈtem-pər How to pronounce temper (audio)
1
a
: heat of mind or emotion : proneness to anger : passion
she has a real temper
b
: calmness of mind : composure
c
: state of feeling or frame of mind at a particular time usually dominated by a single strong emotion
d
: a characteristic cast of mind or state of feeling : disposition
2
a
: characteristic tone : trend
the temper of the times
b
: high quality of mind or spirit : courage
c
archaic : a suitable proportion or balance of qualities : a middle state between extremes : mean, medium
virtue is … a just temper between propensities T. B. Macaulay
d
archaic : character, quality
the temper of the land you design to sow John Mortimer
3
a
: the state of a substance with respect to certain desired qualities (such as hardness, elasticity, or workability)
especially : the degree of hardness or resiliency given steel by tempering
b
: the feel and relative solidity of leather
4
: a substance (such as a metal) added to or mixed with something else (such as another metal) to modify the properties of the latter

temper

2 of 2

verb

tempered; tempering ˈtem-p(ə-)riŋ How to pronounce temper (audio)

transitive verb

1
: to dilute, qualify, or soften by the addition or influence of something else : moderate
temper justice with mercy
2
a
: to anneal or toughen (glass) by a process of gradually heating and cooling
b(1)
: to harden (a material, such as steel) by reheating and cooling in oil
(2)
: to soften (a material, such as hardened steel or cast iron) by reheating at a lower temperature
3
: to make stronger and more resilient through hardship : toughen
troops tempered in battle
4
: to bring to a suitable state by mixing in or adding a usually liquid ingredient: such as
a
: to mix (clay) with water or a modifier (such as grog) and knead to a uniform texture
b
: to mix oil with (colors) in making paint ready for use
5
a
: to put in tune with something : attune
b
: to adjust the pitch of (a note, chord, or instrument) to a temperament
6
archaic
a
: to exercise control over : govern, restrain
b
: to cause to be well disposed : mollify
tempered and reconciled them both Richard Steele
temperable
ˈtem-p(ə-)rə-bəl How to pronounce temper (audio)
adjective
temperer
ˈtem-pər-ər How to pronounce temper (audio)
noun

Did you know?

Mix Things Up With the Meaning of Temper

The temper root keeps its basic meaning—"to mix" or "to keep within limits"—in the English word temper. When you temper something, you mix it with some balancing quality or substance so as to avoid anything extreme. Thus, it's often said that a judge must temper justice with mercy. Young people only gradually learn to temper their natural enthusiasms with caution. And in dealing with others, we all try to temper our honesty with sensitivity.

Synonyms

Noun

Choose the Right Synonym for temper

disposition, temperament, temper, character, personality mean the dominant quality or qualities distinguishing a person or group.

disposition implies customary moods and attitude toward the life around one.

a cheerful disposition

temperament implies a pattern of innate characteristics associated with one's specific physical and nervous organization.

an artistic temperament

temper implies the qualities acquired through experience that determine how a person or group meets difficulties or handles situations.

a resilient temper

character applies to the aggregate of moral qualities by which a person is judged apart from intelligence, competence, or special talents.

strength of character

personality applies to an aggregate of qualities that distinguish one as a person.

a somber personality

Example Sentences

Noun She has a bad temper. That boy has quite a temper. He needs to learn to control his temper. She hit him in a fit of temper. He slammed the door and left in a temper. It's often difficult for parents not to lose their tempers. He is in a pleasant temper. Verb The steel must be properly tempered. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Noun
My husband took it upon himself to help discipline all the kids and tended to have a temper and be harsh. Carolyn Hax, Washington Post, 1 July 2022 His dad has a temper when drunk, and there are all these mysterious disappearances. New York Times, 20 June 2022 More important, though, is that Nixon, who was known to have a temper, doesn’t get angry. Timothy Noah, The New Republic, 17 June 2022 The story that Trump has a volcanically bad temper and is abusive to staff and doesn’t understand or care about policy is something that has been very, very well fleshed out over the years, to put it mildly. Isaac Chotiner, The New Yorker, 5 May 2022 Thanks to post-traumatic stress disorder, Parsons had a hair-trigger temper and didn’t want to be around people. Will Yakowicz, Forbes, 17 Apr. 2022 Colin Firth is uncanny as Peterson, mimicking his avuncular bonhomie, and hinting at the stormy temper and dangerous narcissism that lurks beneath it. Taylor Antrim, Vogue, 5 May 2022 Far-right politicians and media outlets stoked and sharpened the growing anti-immigrant temper, portraying Europe as on the brink of being overrun by foreign hordes. New York Times, 2 Mar. 2022 The short temper would lead to mood swings, not unlike the explosive fit where George Bailey destroys part of the family living room, said Matzen. Rachael Scott, CNN, 25 Dec. 2021
Verb
Blinken cited steps the Biden administration had taken to temper energy prices at home and abroad, including authorizing a major release from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and redirecting natural gas toward Europe. Emily Rauhala, Washington Post, 9 Sep. 2022 Sure, it could be seen as a passionate call to action, giving audiences a taste of resistance, but the screenwriters — Gavras, Ly and Elias Belkeddar — temper that catharsis with a strong sense of caution. Peter Debruge, Variety, 2 Sep. 2022 The dwarves anchor it and temper some of the show’s more pompous instincts. Sydney Odman, The Hollywood Reporter, 31 Aug. 2022 Ultimately though, Volberg said to temper expectations for what sports betting will bring. Simon J. Levien, BostonGlobe.com, 14 Aug. 2022 Washington, over Israel’s objections, expressed its support for the text, but Tehran has sought to temper expectations. Shira Rubin, Washington Post, 13 Aug. 2022 Saudi officials have sought to temper expectations, reiterating that the kingdom would do what is needed to balance the market if there is a shortage of supply. Benoit Faucon, WSJ, 3 Aug. 2022 The goal is to slow the U.S. economy to help temper the impact from inflation. CBS News, 1 Aug. 2022 There is some evidence that supply chain bottlenecks are beginning to ease, and the Federal Reserve is expected to act in the coming months to temper inflation with higher interest rates. Jeff Stein And Evan Halper, Anchorage Daily News, 12 Apr. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Noun

Middle English tempure, tempyr, temper "moderation, mixture of things in proper proportion, mental state," probably noun derivative of tempren, temperen "to mix with, soften, moderate" — more at temper entry 2

Verb

Middle English tempren, temperen "to be mixed with, mix with, soften, moderate, regulate, tune," in part going back to Old English temprian "to mix with, moderate," borrowed from Latin temperāre "to exercise moderation, restrain oneself, moderate, bring to a proper strength or consistency by mixing, maintain in a state of balance," perhaps derivative of temper-, variant stem of tempor-, tempus "period of time"; in part borrowed from Anglo-French temprer, tremper, going back to Latin temperāre — more at tempo

Note: The derivation of temperāre from temper- and hence tempus is based on the hypothesis that the original meaning of the noun was "extent, measure"; however, it is not entirely certain that the meanings "to restrain" or "to bring to a suitable state by mixing" (whichever might be the original meaning of temperāre) are consonant with the idea of measuring.

First Known Use

Noun

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2c

Verb

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of temper was before the 12th century

Phrases Containing temper

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