In its very earliest uses in the 16th century, surly meant "majestic" or "lordly." These early meanings make sense when you know that this word is an alteration of Middle English "serreli," which probably comes from "sire, ser," a title formerly used as a form of address for men of rank or authority. So how did a word with such lofty beginnings come to be associated with grumbling rudeness? Arrogant and domineering behavior is sometimes associated with men of rank or position, and "surly" came to mean "haughty" or "imperious." These meanings (which are now obsolete) led to the "rude" sense that is very common today.
morose adds to glum an element of bitterness or misanthropy.
morose job seekers who are inured to rejection
surly implies gruffness and sullenness of speech or manner.
a typical surly teenager
sulky suggests childish resentment expressed in peevish sullenness.
grew sulky after every spat
crabbed applies to a forbidding morose harshness of manner.
the school's notoriously crabbed headmaster
saturnine describes a heavy forbidding aspect or suggests a bitter disposition.
a saturnine cynic always finding fault
gloomy implies a depression in mood making for seeming sullenness or glumness.
a gloomy mood ushered in by bad news
Example Sentences
went about his chores in a surly huff, totally annoyed that he was stuck at home on this beautiful Saturday the surly receptionist told us we'd have to wait outside in the rain
Recent Examples on the WebWho doesn't want to watch a huge, Brobdingnagian rocket consume millions of kilograms of fuel and break the surly bonds of Earth's gravity? Eric Berger, Ars Technica, 23 Aug. 2022 And so Xander is packed off to Prague to embed himself in the underworld of 99's ex-Russian soldier ringleader Yorgi (Marton Csokas) and his surly girlfriend-slash-co-conspirator Yelena (Asia Argento). Leah Greenblatt, EW.com, 11 Aug. 2022 Several states away, in Aurora, Ill., Thom’s sister, Aubrey, has her own preoccupations — a surly stepson, an elderly neighbor, a nefarious ex-husband, the need to persuade the guy who used to grow weed to switch to vegetables.New York Times, 20 July 2022 Schofield will appear as Phil, a surly, transgender manager of the NY bookstore where the main character works who is trying to become a novelist. Wilson Chapman, Variety, 7 July 2022 Montana, The Power of the Dog details the tensions and secrets that emerge when a wealthy rancher (Jesse Plemons) brings his new wife (Kirsten Dunst) and her son (Kodi Smit-McPhee) to live with his surly cowboy brother (Benedict Cumberbatch). Marley Marius, Vogue, 4 June 2022 Wednesday afternoon, Clive slipped the surly bonds of Earth's atmosphere and experienced space for himself. Neal Rubin, Detroit Free Press, 26 May 2022 The show chronicles the life of Beth Harmon, who loses her mother at a young age and is sent to live in an orphanage, where learning to play chess from the surly janitor in the basement is the only bright spot in her life. The Editors, Outside Online, 7 Dec. 2020 For 24-year-old Daniele — a surly, taciturn wastrel who serves as the film’s human focal point — life is only worth living on the water, ideally at great speed. Guy Lodge, Variety, 10 Apr. 2022 See More
Word History
Etymology
alteration of Middle English serreli lordly, imperious, probably from sire, ser sire