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IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904

reference
1 reference /ˈrɛfrəns/ noun
plural references
1 reference
/ˈrɛfrəns/
noun
plural references
Learner's definition of REFERENCE
1 
: the act of mentioning something in speech or in writing : the act of referring to something or someone提及；提到
[count]
[noncount]
— see also frame of reference, point of reference
2 
[noncount] : the act of looking at or in something for information参考；查阅
— see also cross-reference
3 
a  [count] : a person who can be asked for information about another person's character, abilities, etc.证明人；推荐人；介绍人
— called also (British) referee
b  : a statement about someone's character, abilities, etc.证明文书；推荐信；介绍信
[count]
[noncount]
4 
[count] : something (such as a book, dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.) that people can look at or in to find information about something参考书；工具书

in reference to

formal or with reference to
: about or concerning (something or someone) : in relation to关于

terms of reference

— see 1term
2 reference /ˈrɛfrəns/ verb
references; referenced; referencing
2 reference
/ˈrɛfrəns/
verb
references; referenced; referencing
Learner's definition of REFERENCE
[+ object]
: to mention (something or someone) in speech or in writing : to refer to (something or someone)提及；提到
3 reference /ˈrɛfrəns/ adjective
3 reference
/ˈrɛfrəns/
adjective
Learner's definition of REFERENCE
always used before a noun
1 
: used to find information about something参考的；用于查阅的
2 
: used to tell people where information can be found文献索引的；参照的
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904

reference

1 of 3

noun

ref·​er·​ence ˈre-fərn(t)s How to pronounce reference (audio)
ˈre-f(ə-)rən(t)s
1
: the act of referring or consulting
2
: a bearing on a matter : relation
in reference to your recent letter
3
: something that refers: such as
a
: allusion, mention
b
: something (such as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (such as a book or passage)
c
: consultation of sources of information
4
: one referred to or consulted: such as
a
: a person to whom inquiries as to character or ability can be made
b
: a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with the person
c(1)
: a source of information (such as a book or passage) to which a reader or consulter is referred
(2)
: a work (such as a dictionary or encyclopedia) containing useful facts or information
d
: denotation, meaning

reference

2 of 3

adjective

: used or usable for reference
especially : constituting a standard for measuring or constructing

reference

3 of 3

verb

referenced; referencing

transitive verb

1
a
: to supply with references
b
: to cite in or as a reference
2
: to put in a form (such as a table) adapted to easy reference

Synonyms

Noun

Example Sentences

Noun references to an earlier event The numbers were calculated by reference to the most recent census. Reference to a map will make the position clear. She listed her former teacher as a reference when she applied for the job. Her former teacher gave her a reference when she applied for the job. Her teacher gave her a letter of reference. Adjective a list of reference materials Verb The book references many other authors who have written on this topic. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Noun
Read on for their pro-advice and reference photos to take into the salon during your next visit. Julie Ricevuto, Glamour, 17 Sep. 2022 During the chat with Alo Yoga’s CEO and co-founder Danny Harris, West commented on Harris’s reference to a book. Althea Legaspi, Rolling Stone, 16 Sep. 2022 In some editions Friday, the first name of Shohei Ohtani, a Los Angeles Angels player, was misspelled as Shoehei on second reference. WSJ, 16 Sep. 2022 Jessica's return comes with two Easter eggs from Part III: a mac and cheese reference and Elizabeth Anne Rooney, who (off screen in the film) stole Jessica's boyfriend. Ryan Parker, Peoplemag, 16 Sep. 2022 The white riot of January 6, 2021, at the U.S. Capitol Building is impossible to understand without reference to earlier, yet strikingly similar, efforts during the First Reconstruction period. Time, 15 Sep. 2022 Homicide detectives asked anyone with information about the case to call 801-799-3000 and reference case No. 22-178180. Kolbie Peterson, The Salt Lake Tribune, 15 Sep. 2022 Martin Scorsese and Mean Streets seem an obvious reference. Scott Roxborough, The Hollywood Reporter, 15 Sep. 2022 The People’s Bank of China set the daily reference rate for the yuan at the strongest bias on record versus the average estimate in a Bloomberg survey of analysts and traders. Robert Brand, Fortune, 14 Sep. 2022
Adjective
State officials regularly cross-reference voting records with BMV records, which list someone’s citizenship status on their driver’s license. Andrew J. Tobias, cleveland, 12 July 2021 This process sees them cross-reference lists of the dead from the Washington Department of Health and the Social Security Administration. Tim Gruver, Washington Examiner, 11 Dec. 2020 The access could help OFAC cross-reference information with other investigators, including those in the U.S. intelligence community, said Mr. Lorber, a former senior adviser to the Treasury’s undersecretary for terrorism and financial intelligence. Jack Hagel, WSJ, 7 Sep. 2020
Verb
Were there moments that felt essential to reference? Caroline Hallemann, Town & Country, 10 June 2022 The GPS Archive sneakers reference Nike’s history and values brought to life by Sachs’ studio. Sara Klausing, Men's Health, 31 Aug. 2022 For example, the custom, artisanal kitchen cabinets reference the whalers and plein air painters who once intermingled on Long Island’s South Fork. Marni Elyse Katz, House Beautiful, 16 Aug. 2022 The simple thing to do would be to cross-reference the post with CNN’s own content, or any reputable news source, to discern fact from fiction. Larisha Paul, Rolling Stone, 28 Feb. 2022 Nashville artist Charlotte Terrell creates custom murals for her clients that reference traditional scenics but veer more towards abstraction. Hadley Keller, House Beautiful, 25 May 2022 Each Apparatus collection is treated as an all-encompassing production with titles that reference the structure of literature and drama. Camille Okhio, ELLE Decor, 20 Apr. 2022 They were listed in a 1912 volume that does not reference any J. Player timepiece, according to Sophie Harding of the Morgan Library & Museum in New York. Daniel Miller Staff Writer, Los Angeles Times, 9 Dec. 2021 Although delinquencies might be indirectly reflected in the general financial records which Civil Code Section 5200 says members can inspect, other statutes reference the confidentiality of delinquencies. Kelly G. Richardson, San Diego Union-Tribune, 13 Aug. 2022 See More

Word History

First Known Use

Noun

1579, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Adjective

1856, in the meaning defined above

Verb

1876, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of reference was in 1579

Phrases Containing reference

See More
See More
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
reference

noun¹

 1mentioning sb/sth談到ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤extensive廣泛提及▸➤brief, casual, passing簡要提及；隨口提到；順便提及▸➤occasional偶爾提及▸➤frequent, repeated頻頻提起；再三提及▸➤constant不斷提及▸➤further進一步的涉及◇They could find no further reference to Mr LaMotte in the records.他們找不到有關拉莫特先生更多的記錄了。➤general一般性的提及▸➤particular, special, specific特別涉及；具體指明◇She won a grant to study political science with special reference to China.她獲得了專門研究中國政治的政治學獎學金。➤direct, explicit, express (law法律, especially BrE) , overt直接提及；直截了當的提及；明確的提及；公開提到▸➤cryptic, indirect, oblique, obscure, subtle, vague, veiled隱晦的提及；間接提到；巧妙的提及；模糊的提及▸➤clear, obvious清楚的提到；明顯提及▸➤ambiguous模稜兩可的提到➤early早期提到◇one of the earliest references to the game of chess最早提到象棋的資料之一➤biblical, cultural, historical, literary, religious《聖經》指涉；文化指涉；歷史上提及；文學指涉；宗教指涉▸➤written書面提及VERB + REFERENCE➤contain, have, include包含指涉；有提及◇Her diary contains no reference to the alleged appointment.她的日記上根本沒記什麼所謂的約會。➤drop, make無意中提及；提到◇He dropped casual references to the legacy of his great work.他不經意地提到他的巨著的影響。◇The article makes no reference to his first marriage.這篇文章隻字未提他的第一次婚姻。➤delete, drop, omit, remove不提◇The new constitution dropped all reference to previous wars.新憲法絲毫未提以前的戰爭。➤avoid避免提及▸➤find找到提及之處➤get, understand理解指涉◇The audience didn't get the references to colonialism.觀眾沒有理解其中涉及到的殖民主義的內容。PREPOSITION➤in a/the reference提及◇In an obvious reference to the president, he talked of corruption in high places.他談到了高層的貪污腐敗，明顯是在影射總統。➤in reference to, with reference to (in letters用於信函) 關於◇I am writing with reference to your job application.關於您申請工作一事，現特函回覆。➤reference to對⋯的提及◇The summary should be comprehensible without reference back to the source work.摘要應明白易懂，無需再提及原文。◇The book is filled with references to God.整本書滿是提及上帝的內容。
reference

noun²

 2consulting sb/sth for advice/help/information咨詢ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤easy, quick容易查找；迅速查考◇The book is organized alphabetically for easy reference.為了便於查閱，這本書是按字母順序排列的。➤further, future進一步／日後參考PREPOSITION➤by reference to參照◇Our charges are calculated by reference to an hourly rate.我們的收費是按每小時固定費率計算的。➤for reference作為參考◇Retain a copy of the form for future reference.留一份表格以備日後參考。➤without reference to未徵求◇The decision was made without reference to local managers.此決定未徵求當地主管的意見。PHRASES➤for sb's own reference, for sb's personal reference供某人自己參考／私下參考◇I made a copy of your work, just for my own reference.我複印了一份你的作品，僅供我自己參考。➤for reference purposes作為參考◇She needs the book for reference purposes.她需要這本書作參考。➤a source of reference參考資料◇The book is an invaluable source of reference for the art historian.對藝術史學家們來說，這本參考書是無價之寶。
reference

noun³

 3book containing facts/information含事實或信息的書ADJECTIVE | REFERENCE + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤general綜合性的參考書◇The book is by far the best general reference on natural history.這本書是目前研究博物學最好的大全。➤comprehensive綜合性的參考書➤essential必不可少的參考書➤handy, useful手邊的／有用的參考書➤excellent, good絕佳的／出色的參考書➤standard標準的參考書➤online在線參考書◇an online reference tool在線參考工具REFERENCE + NOUN➤book, guide, manual, material, source, text, work參考書；參考指南；參考資料；參考文獻；參考作品➤tool參考工具（書）▸➤library參考書閱覽室▸➤section資料室◇You'll find the information in the reference section of your local library.你可以在當地圖書館的資料室裏找到相關信息。➤desk (= in a library) (especially NAmE) （圖書館）咨詢台➤librarian (especially NAmE) 參考書管理員
reference

noun⁴

 4number/note/symbol數字；註釋；標記ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | REFERENCE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤copious大量的參考▸➤full完備的參考書目◇For full references of all books cited, see Appendix B.所有參考書目的詳細信息見附錄 B。➤appropriate適當參考◇Please quote the appropriate reference in your letter.請在信中提供恰當的參考資料。➤bibliographic, bibliographical參考書目▸➤page頁碼索引▸➤grid, map格網參照；地圖點位號VERB + REFERENCE➤quote引用引文▸➤cite, give引述／提供出處◇References to original sources are given at the end of each chapter.每一章節後面提供了原始資料的出處。➤check核對出處REFERENCE + NOUN➤number參照號PREPOSITION➤in a/the reference在參考書目中◇The date of publication should be included in the reference.出版日期應包括在參考書目中。➤reference to參見◇a reference to page 17參見第 17 頁PHRASES➤a list of references參考資料目錄
reference

noun⁵

 5letter about your character/abilities介紹信ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤glowing, good熱情洋溢的／有利的介紹信➤bad不利的介紹信▸➤character人品介紹信VERB + REFERENCE➤ask for索要介紹信➤need需要介紹信▸➤give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb)（向某人）提供介紹信；（給某人）寫推薦信▸➤follow up, take up (BrE) 核實介紹信；與推薦人聯繫◇They've taken up my references (= contacted the people who provided them), so they must be interested in me.他們已聯繫了我的推薦人，一定是對我感興趣才這麼做的。PREPOSITION➤reference from⋯的推薦信◇a reference from your current employer現任雇主的推薦信PHRASES➤a letter of reference推薦信
reference

noun⁶

 6 (especially NAmE) recommends sb for a job推薦  ➡ see also referee VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION VERB + REFERENCE➤act as, be做推薦人➤contact聯繫推薦人PREPOSITION➤reference for⋯的推薦人◇His former employer agreed to act as a reference for him.他的前任雇主答應做他的推薦人。
reference

noun⁷

 7standards by which sth is judged評判標準REFERENCE + NOUN | PHRASES REFERENCE + NOUN➤point基準點；參照點➤group參照組◇Gene frequencies were calculated then compared with the Finnish population as a reference group.先對基因頻率進行了計算，然後以芬蘭人口為參照組進行了對比。➤sample (science科學) 參照樣本PHRASES➤a frame of reference準則◇People interpret events within their own frame of reference.人們都根據自己的標準來解讀各類事件。➤a point of reference參照點◇Unemployment serves as a useful point of reference in examining social problems.失業情況是研究社會問題的有效參照。➤terms of reference (especially BrE) 授權範圍◇The matter was outside the committee's terms of reference.這件事已超出了委員會的授權範圍。

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