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parameter

noun

pa·​ram·​e·​ter pə-ˈra-mə-tər How to pronounce parameter (audio)
1
a
: an arbitrary constant whose value characterizes a member of a system (such as a family of curves)
also : a quantity (such as a mean or variance) that describes a statistical population
b
: an independent variable used to express the coordinates of a variable point and functions of them compare parametric equation
2
: any of a set of physical properties whose values determine the characteristics or behavior of something
parameters of the atmosphere such as temperature, pressure, and density
3
: something represented by a parameter : a characteristic element
broadly : characteristic, element, factor
political dissent as a parameter of modern life
health care is a universal parameter, … a ubiquitous concern across every age, occupation, and class line. Wayne Biddle
4
: limit, boundary
usually used in plural
the parameters of science fictionThe investigation stayed within the parameters set by the court.
parametric adjective
parametrically adverb

Did you know?

Parameter vs. Perimeter

It's very easy to confuse parameter with perimeter. Not only do the two words sound the same, they both connote a boundary or limit.

When parameter is used to mean "a boundary or limit," it is usually in its plural form, and often as the object of a preposition such as within or beyond:

Let's face it, managing weight loss or maintenance can be trying enough within the parameters of a daily routine.
Geoff Kerr, Weight Watchers, November 1991

Though candor sometimes encourages Bruno to "stray beyond the parameters of good taste," his interaction with Lydia is always convincingly portrayed as a loving, tender relationship.
Ron Charles, The Washington Post, 8 Feb. 2011

In geometry, perimeter refers to the boundary of a closed plane figure. You might remember calculating perimeters in school. If each side of an equilateral triangle measures 9 feet, then the perimeter of the triangle measures 27 feet. In more general use, perimeter describes an outer stretch, as in "The college president lived in a house on the perimeter of the campus."

Parameter originally had a meaning pertaining to mathematics as well. The dictionary defines it as "an arbitrary constant whose value characterizes a member of a system (as a family of curves); also : a quantity (as a mean or variance) that describes a statistical population" as well as "an independent variable used to express the coordinates of a variable point and functions of them."

Some twentieth-century usage commentators objected to the use of a scientific-sounding word like parameter in general contexts (as in the examples above), especially to mean "a limit or boundary," theorizing that perimeter must have been what the speaker or writer intended.

However, perimeter was not often used in the phrasings that parameter is used in (that is, as the object of within or beyond) until much later. In fact, a word such as bounds or range or confines often serves as a more appropriate equivalent for parameter than the marginal connotations of perimeter:

But a true novel is an extended piece of fiction: Length is clearly one of its parameters.
Anthony Burgess, The New York Times Book Review, 5 Feb. 1984

Shields will then subsume that request in the overall City operating budget that he will recommend to the City Council in mid-March, and the Council will make its final decisions on the parameters of the budget, including any tax increases or cuts, by the end of April.
Nicholas F. Benton, The Falls Church News Press, 6 Jan. 2016

Example Sentences

Recent Examples on the Web That means that the fitting parameter in front of t2 for the data must be 1/2 of the acceleration giving this guy a vertical acceleration of 1.96 m/s2. Wired, 31 July 2022 Since then, research teams have sought to precisely identify the mass of the W boson, a critical measurement that acts as a key parameter for the rest of the Standard Model’s framework. Jennifer Leman, Popular Mechanics, 7 Apr. 2022 With that, the tracker.example cookie gets passed through a URL parameter and then gets stashed as a first-party cookie on the landing page. Dan Goodin, Ars Technica, 9 Mar. 2022 And that became my guideline or parameter for evaluating spiritual health. Los Angeles Times, 17 Aug. 2022 Model pipelines are created iteratively as AutoAI analyzes datasets and discovers data transformations, algorithms, and parameter settings that work best for problem settings. Paul Smith-goodson, Forbes, 2 May 2022 That’s one parameter that Google Maps might consider when suggesting eco-friendly navigation routes. Chris Smith, BGR, 15 July 2022 Soundness is both important in theory as well as in practical applications, where better soundness (quantified by a certain parameter) translates to faster verification and less computational work. Quanta Magazine, 23 May 2022 If the parameter is reduced to -1%, the DJIA was down in 10 of 17 cases in the next month. Bill Sarubbi, Forbes, 26 Apr. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

New Latin, from para- + Greek metron measure — more at measure

First Known Use

1833, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of parameter was in 1833

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