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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3589 COCA: 2701

virus

noun

vi·​rus ˈvī-rəs How to pronounce virus (audio)
plural viruses
1
a
: any of a large group of submicroscopic infectious agents that are usually regarded as nonliving extremely complex molecules, that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no semipermeable membrane, that are capable of growth and multiplication only in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals, and plants
also : filterable virus
b
: a disease or illness caused by a virus
c
: the causative agent of an infectious disease
2
: something that poisons the mind or soul
the force of this virus of prejudice V. S. Waters
3
: a computer program that is usually disguised as an innocuous program or file, that often produces copies of itself and inserts them into other programs, and that when run usually performs a malicious action (such as destroying data or damaging software)
4
archaic : venom sense 1

Example Sentences

Is the illness caused by bacteria or a virus? I think I have the virus that's going around this winter. The software checks your hard drive for viruses.
Recent Examples on the Web Steven lost his job, and early on, Andye caught the virus and was hospitalized. CNN, 15 Sep. 2022 But even as the rate of new cases slows, Singhal said disparities are growing among who is catching the virus and receiving the two-dose Jynneos vaccine. Grace Tooheystaff Writer, Los Angeles Times, 13 Sep. 2022 In the spring of 2020, meatpacking plants were shutting down as workers contracted the virus, and Yuma’s agricultural sector wanted to prevent a similar fate. Sarah Lapidus, The Arizona Republic, 13 Sep. 2022 Transportation Department caught the virus in April at a family wedding near his home in southern Wisconsin, where many guests were infected. Jon Kamp, WSJ, 11 Sep. 2022 Individuals who catch the virus will not experience symptoms or will have mild symptoms like body aches, fever and headaches. Chandra Fleming, Detroit Free Press, 8 Sep. 2022 That case differed in that the studio claimed its policy should have been triggered when unnamed cast members contracted the virus. Winston Cho, The Hollywood Reporter, 8 Sep. 2022 Variants are believed to develop within people who struggle to fight off the virus. Karen Weintraub, USA TODAY, 31 Aug. 2022 In all, lawmakers approved more than $5 trillion for covid relief, an unprecedented wave of emergency loans, grants and other assistance intended to fight the virus and pull America out of its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Lisa Rein And Yeganeh Torbati, Anchorage Daily News, 25 Aug. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, "pus, discharge from a sore, semen," borrowed from Latin vīrus (neuter) "venom, poisonous fluid, acrid element in a substance, secretion with medical or magical properties," going back to an Indo-European base *u̯is-/*u̯īs- "poison, venom," whence also Middle Irish fí "venom, poison, evil," Greek īós "poison," Tocharian A wäs and Tocharian B wase, Sanskrit viṣáṃ, Avestan viš, viša- (also vīš?); (sense 1) borrowed from German, borrowed from Latin

Note: The application of Latin vīrus to the submicroscopic infectious agents now considered viruses (rather than to any infectious agent) was apparently first made by the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck (1851-1931) in "Ueber ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksblätter," Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Tweede Sectie, Deel VI, no. 5 (1898). Beijerinck, in studying tobacco mosaic virus, mistakenly believed that the agent was a fluid (contagium vivum fluidum, "living fluid infection") because it passed through filters capable of trapping bacteria. — The neuter gender of vīrus suggests that it was originally an s-stem; forms in text other than the nominative and accusative are perhaps found only in Lucretius. The length of the vowel in Latin, Irish, and Greek, in contrast to the short vowel in Tocharian and Indo-Iranian, has been variously accounted for. M. Mayrhofer (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen) suggests that the etymon was originally a root noun, *u̯īs, *u̯is-ó-, with lengthening of the monosyllabic vowel; the daughter languages then generalized one or the other form.

First Known Use

1599, in the meaning defined at sense 4

Time Traveler
The first known use of virus was in 1599

Phrases Containing virus

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