Illustration of neuron
- 1 cell body
- 2 dendrite
- 3 axon
- 4 nerve ending
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: a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body : nerve cell sense 1
Example Sentences
Recent Examples on the Web That trouble was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, A.L.S. (known as motor-neuron disease in Britain), an incurable neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive loss of muscle function. 
Susan Orlean, The New Yorker, 26 July 2022 In other words, at rest when the neuron is doing nothing there is an inherent imbalance in the electric charges across the membrane that produces an electric potential. Gabriel A. Silva, Forbes, 18 Aug. 2022 Not a single neuron among the hundreds recorded fired continuously throughout the wheel running. György Buzsáki, Scientific American, 14 May 2022 Hopkin: Each part of the artificial neuron…which the researchers describe in the journal Nature…has a direct counterpart in its biological role model. Karen Hopkin, Scientific American, 30 June 2022 The software just has to find the right neuron firing pattern associated with a particular kind of cancer, Lavella says. Jeremy Kahn, Fortune, 30 June 2022 In terms of a machine learning challenge, Lavella says that the neuron firing patterns associated with scents are actually far easier for software to pick out than many tasks involving computer vision, such as object recognition. Jeremy Kahn, Fortune, 30 June 2022 Every analog neuron on the chip mimics a brain cell’s incoming and outgoing currents and voltage changes. Quanta Magazine, 17 Feb. 2022 The scientists were able to prove that photosensitive neuron cells in the retina can respond to light up to five hours after death. Joshua Hawkins, BGR, 16 May 2022 See More
Susan Orlean, The New Yorker, 26 July 2022 In other words, at rest when the neuron is doing nothing there is an inherent imbalance in the electric charges across the membrane that produces an electric potential. Gabriel A. Silva, Forbes, 18 Aug. 2022 Not a single neuron among the hundreds recorded fired continuously throughout the wheel running. György Buzsáki, Scientific American, 14 May 2022 Hopkin: Each part of the artificial neuron…which the researchers describe in the journal Nature…has a direct counterpart in its biological role model. Karen Hopkin, Scientific American, 30 June 2022 The software just has to find the right neuron firing pattern associated with a particular kind of cancer, Lavella says. Jeremy Kahn, Fortune, 30 June 2022 In terms of a machine learning challenge, Lavella says that the neuron firing patterns associated with scents are actually far easier for software to pick out than many tasks involving computer vision, such as object recognition. Jeremy Kahn, Fortune, 30 June 2022 Every analog neuron on the chip mimics a brain cell’s incoming and outgoing currents and voltage changes. Quanta Magazine, 17 Feb. 2022 The scientists were able to prove that photosensitive neuron cells in the retina can respond to light up to five hours after death. Joshua Hawkins, BGR, 16 May 2022 See More Word History
Etymology
borrowed from German Neuron, borrowed from Greek neûron "sinew, tendon, nerve" — more at nerve entry 1
Note: Term introduced by the German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer (Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, 1836-1921) in "Ueber einige neuere Forschungen im Gebiete der Anatomie der Centralnervensystems," Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 28. Jahrgang, no. 28, July 13, 1891, p. 691: "Somit besteht ein Nervenelement (eine 'Nerveneinheit' oder 'Neuron', wie ich es zu nennen vorschlagen möchte), den genannten Forschungsergebnissen … zufolge, aus nachstehenden Stücken: a) einer Nervenzelle, b) dem Nervenfortsatze, c) dessen Collateralen und d) dem Endbäumchen." — "Therefore, in accordance with the cited research results, a nerve element (a 'nerve unit' or 'neuron,' as I would like to suggest as a name), consists of the following parts: a) a nerve cell, b) the nerve process [= axon], c) its collaterals and d) the end tree [= axon terminals]." Waldeyer apparently intended -on to be taken as a suffix, indicating a unit, rather than the Greek neuter singular inflectional ending, as he utilized Neuronen as the plural in the same article. Cf. French neurone and the English variant neurone.
First Known Use
1891, in the meaning defined above
Time Traveler
The first known use of neuron was in 1891 Phrases Containing neuron
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