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IELTS BNC: 6696 COCA: 9554

inference

noun

in·​fer·​ence ˈin-f(ə-)rən(t)s How to pronounce inference (audio)
-fərn(t)s
1
: something that is inferred
especially : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence
2
: the act or process of inferring (see infer): such as
a
: the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former
b
: the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations (as of the value of population parameters) usually with calculated degrees of certainty
3
: the premises and conclusion of a process of inferring

Synonyms

Example Sentences

In spite of the fact that there are virtually no controlled clinical trials examining the effects of obesity in people, we can make some inferences from animal research. Patrick Johnson, Skeptical Inquirer, September/October 2005 We cannot see a past event directly, but science is usually based on inference, not unvarnished observation (you don't see electrons, gravity, or black holes either). Stephen Jay Gould, Wonderful Life, 1989 The writer of science fiction extends or projects or draws inferences from what is known and accepted. Karl Kroeber, Romantic Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1988 Its existence is only known by inference. The program uses records of past purchases to make inferences about what customers will buy in the future. What inference can we draw from these facts? See More
Recent Examples on the Web This will allow training and inference to be done faster and allow large models to be deployed much more quickly. Paul Smith-goodson, Forbes, 8 Aug. 2022 Unlike in criminal cases, a jury in civil cases like the one Ms. James might bring can draw a negative inference from a defendant’s refusal to answer questions. New York Times, 2 Aug. 2022 In criminal cases, the prosecution may not comment on the decision to invoke Fifth Amendment rights and the jury is prohibited from drawing an adverse inference. Ella Lee, USA TODAY, 12 Aug. 2022 The pleasure that belongs to observation and inference is, really, far greater than that which attends any kind of skill or dexterity, even when death and pain add their zest to the latter. Tim Birkhead, Smithsonian Magazine, 8 Aug. 2022 What’s pernicious is the inference that things will never get better. Brennan Barnard, Forbes, 6 July 2022 The Supreme Court has said that allowing that inference penalizes defendants for simply availing themselves of a constitutional protection. Jennifer Peltz, ajc, 14 July 2022 And this bill will provide the administrative framework to ensure that state contracts and purchases are conducted fairly, cost-effectively and without any inference or evidence of impropriety. Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com, 7 July 2022 In his 1924 book Social Psychology, Allport made a sweeping inference from Darwin’s writing to say that expressions begin as vestigial in newborns but quickly assume useful social functions. Lisa Feldman Barrett, Scientific American, 27 Apr. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

see infer

First Known Use

1594, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of inference was in 1594

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