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Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

導出

close

¹ close /ˈkloʊz/ verb

closes; closed; closing

¹ close

/ˈkloʊz/

verb

closes; closed; closing

Learner's definition of CLOSE

◊ The opposite of close is open in every sense except senses 3b and 9.除义项3b和9以外，close的各义项的反义词都是open。

: to move (a door, window, etc.) so that things cannot pass through an opening : shut关闭（门、窗等）

[+ object]

Please close the door.请把门关上。
We had better close the windows; it looks like it's going to rain.我们最好关上窗户，看起来要下雨了。
I forgot to close the gate.我忘记关大门了。
She was having trouble closing the drawer.她关不上抽屉了。
Close the lid on the box tightly.把盒盖扣紧。

[no object]

The door opened and closed so quietly that I didn't notice he had come in the room.他开关门都很轻，以至于我都没有注意到他已经进了屋。
The box's lid closed with a bang.盒盖砰的一声扣上了。

[+ object] : to cover the opening of (something) : shut盖住，合上（开口）

Remember to close the box of cereal when you're done.用完后，记得把麦片盒子盖好。

a : to bring together the parts or edges of (something open)使合拢；使闭合

[+ object]

Please close your books and put them under your desks.请把书合上，放到书桌里。
Close your mouth.闭嘴。
Close your eyes and go to sleep.闭上眼，睡觉。
I closed my fists and got ready to fight.我握紧拳头，准备打架。
close an umbrella合上伞

[no object]

This suitcase just won't close!这行李箱就是关不上！
Her eyes closed, and she drifted off to sleep.她闭上眼，迷迷糊糊地睡了过去。
My throat closed and I felt like I couldn't breathe.我喉咙发紧，感觉有些喘不过气来。

b : to bring together the edges of (a wound) so that it can heal使（伤口）闭合

[+ object]

It took 10 stitches to close the wound on his head.他头上的伤口缝了10针才缝上。

[no object]

The cut eventually closed [=closed up, healed over] on its own.伤口最终自行愈合了。

: to not allow (a road, park, etc.) to be used for a period of time关闭，封锁（公路、公园等）

[+ object]

The city closed [=closed off] the beach during the storm.暴风雨来袭时，这座城市关闭了海滩。
They closed the bridge to traffic. [=they did not allow cars to use the bridge]他们关闭了大桥，禁止车辆通行。

[no object]

The park closes every evening at dusk.这个公园每天傍晚时静园。

a : to stop the services or activities of (a business, school, etc.) for a period of time暂停营业；停止活动

[+ object]

They closed the school today because of the storm.由于暴风雨的缘故，学校今天停课。
We'll be closing the theater while we make the necessary repairs.我们将暂时关闭剧院以进行必要的维修。

[no object]

The store closes for lunch from 1 to 2 p.m.下午1点至2点钟为午餐时间，商店停业。
The airport closed for two hours yesterday due to icy conditions.昨天机场因结冰关闭了两小时。
The bank closes at noon on Saturdays.银行周六中午停业。
What time does the library close?图书馆什么时间闭馆？

b : to stop the services or activities of (a business, school, etc.) permanently（永久）停业，停止活动

[+ object]

They closed [=closed down, shut down] the school/factory/office last year.去年，他们关闭了学校/工厂/办事处。

[no object]

The restaurant has closed for lack of business.由于生意不景气，这家餐馆关张了。
The play closed [=it stopped being performed] after 112 performances.这部剧上演112场后停演了。

: to end (something)结束；终止

[+ object]

The minister closed [=concluded] the services with a short prayer.牧师在简短的祷告后宣布宗教仪式结束。
She closed the meeting by thanking everyone for their help.会议最后，她对大家给予的帮助表示了感谢。
Investigators closed the case after concluding that his death was an accident.调查人员在得出他的死因是一次意外事故后结案了。

[no object]

The services closed [=concluded] with a short prayer.礼拜仪式以简短的祷告结束。
I'd like to close by thanking you all for your help.最后，我要感谢你们所有人对我的帮助。

[+ object] : to stop keeping money in (an account at a bank)结清，注销（账户）

I closed [=closed out] my savings account and opened up a new one at another bank.我注销了我的储蓄账户，在另一家银行开了一个新账户。

[+ object] : to end the use of (a file, document, or program) on a computer关闭（计算机上的文件、文档或程序）

Remember to save the file before closing it.关闭文件前，记得要先保存。

[+ object] : to formally accept (an agreement)达成（协议）

They just closed a deal to take ownership of a new restaurant.他们刚刚达成一笔交易，获得了新餐馆的所有权。
the custom of closing a deal by shaking hands以握手表示成交的风俗

— see also close on (below)

[no object] : to reach a specified price or level at the end of the day（股票等）以…价格收盘

The stock opened at $19 a share and closed at $22.这只股票以每股19美元开盘，22美元收盘。
Stocks opened weak but closed strong.股票开盘时疲软，但收盘时强势。

: to reduce the amount of distance or difference between two things, people, or groups拉近（距离）；缩小（差距）

[+ object]

The challenger has closed [=narrowed] the champion's lead to within two points.挑战者将自己与冠军之间的差距缩小到了两分。
closing the distance to the lead runner缩短与领跑者之间的距离
These changes will help close the gap between the richest and the poorest countries.这些变化将有助于缩小最贫穷和最富裕国家之间的差距。

[no object]

She has closed to within two points of the champion.她把自己与冠军之间的差距缩小到了两分。

close down

[phrasal verb]

a : to permanently stop operating : close（永久地）关闭；倒闭

The factory closed down in the 1980s.这家工厂在20世纪80年代倒闭了。

b British : to stop broadcasting from a radio or television station for the day（电台或电视台当日节目）结束播音，结束播放

We're closing down for the night: tune in again tomorrow morning!本台广播今晚到此结束，请明早继续收听！

close down (something) or close (something) down : to permanently stop the services or activities of (a business, school, etc.)（永久地）停止营业，停止活动

They closed down [=closed, shut down] the school due to financial problems.由于经费问题，他们关闭了那所学校。

— see also closedown

close in

[phrasal verb]

: to come or move nearer or closer靠近；逼近

The storm is closing in [=approaching] fast.暴风雨正在快速逼近。
Enemy troops are closing in all around us!敌军正在对我方形成包围！
The lions closed in for the kill.狮群靠近了猎物。
I felt that the world was closing in around me.我觉得周围的世界在越变越小。
The air became colder as night/darkness closed in. [=as darkness fell, as the night became dark]随着夜幕的降临，天气变得越来越冷。

— often + on

The fire was closing in on their neighborhood.大火正在向他们附近的地区蔓延。
The camera slowly closed in on the actor's face.镜头缓缓地向演员的脸部推进。
Police were closing in on the two men.警察正在向那两名男子靠近。
Researchers are closing in on [=they are close to finding] a cure for the disease.研究人员快找到治疗这种疾病的方法了。
She's closing in on 40. [=she is almost 40 years old]她眼看就40岁了。

close off

[phrasal verb]

close off (something) or close (something) off

: to not allow (something) to be used for a period of time : close（暂时）关闭，封锁

The city closed off the beach to tourists.这座城市暂停向游客开放海滩。
closing off a road with barriers用路障封锁道路
Half of the museum was closed off while they made the changes.博物馆整修期间，一半的场馆区域暂停开放。

— sometimes used figuratively有时用作比喻

He closes himself off to new experiences. [=he does not allow himself to have new experiences]他拒绝体验新事物。

close on

[phrasal verb]

close on (something) US

: to formally and legally agree to and complete (an important financial arrangement, such as the purchase of a house)正式接受，完成（财政计划、购房等）

We're going to close on our house next Friday.我们将在下周五完成购房事宜。
They closed on the deal.他们完成了那笔交易。

— see also ¹close 9 (above)

close out

[phrasal verb]

close out (something)

US : to quickly sell (all of a particular type of product in a store) at a lower price廉价出售；清仓甩卖

We're closing out our entire stock of children's clothing! Come and pick up some bargains!我们正在清仓甩卖童装！过来挑几件吧！

— see also closeout

: to stop keeping money in (a bank account)结清，注销（账户）

She withdrew all her money and closed out [=closed] her account.她将所有存款取出之后注销了账户。

: to end (something) in a specified way（以某种方式）结束；以…告终

The team closed out the series with a 2-1 win over New York.这支队以2：1战胜纽约队，结束了这次系列赛。
She closed out her remarkable career with a final grand performance.她最后以一场盛大的演出结束了自己非凡的演艺生涯。

close ranks

— see ¹rank

close the door on

— see door

close up

[phrasal verb]

a : to close and lock all the doors of a building usually for a short period of time（暂时）关闭，停业

Businesses closed up [=closed] early so employees could attend the parade.为让员工参加庆祝游行，商场提早关门了。
We've closed up for the day. Please come back tomorrow.我们今天已经打烊了。请明天再光临。

b close (something) up or close up (something) : to close and lock all the doors of (a house, store, etc.)锁上门

They closed up the house and left town.他们锁好房门后出了城。

◊ To close up shop is to go out of business forever or stop performing all services or activities for a period of time.（永久）停业；（暂时）歇业，停止活动

Rather than closing up shop entirely, the company laid off half of its workers.公司没有完全倒闭，只是裁掉了一半员工。
The restaurant has already closed up shop for the winter.这家餐馆已经开始了冬季歇业。

: to move closer together靠拢

The troops closed up and prepared to begin the attack.部队集结起来准备发起进攻。

of a wound : to become completely healed（伤口）完全愈合

The cut eventually closed up [=closed] on its own.伤口最终自行愈合了。

: to become quiet : to stop talking about your thoughts or emotions with other people不出声；闭口不谈

She closes up when people ask her about her parents.当人们问及她父母时，她沉默不语。

close (something) up or close up (something) : to bring (people or things) closer together使…靠拢；使…接近

Close up the spaces between the lines.缩小行距。

close your doors

— see door

close your eyes to

— see ¹eye

² close /ˈkloʊs/ adjective

closer; closest

² close

/ˈkloʊs/

adjective

closer; closest

Learner's definition of CLOSE

: near in space : not far away or distant（空间上）接近的，靠近的

We're not there yet, but we're getting close.我们还没到，但是快了。
We stood close together to stay warm.我们紧挨着站在一起取暖。

— often + to

New York is much closer to Chicago than it is to Los Angeles.纽约到芝加哥比到洛杉矶近多了。
Don't get too close to the fire.别离火太近。
Stay close to me, children!离我近点，孩子们！
Let's try to sit close to the front.咱们尽量往前坐。
The trees were planted in close proximity to [=near] the building.树种在了离大楼很近的地方。
The gun is made for shooting at close range. [=from a short distance]这种枪适用于近距离射击。
We were able to observe their behavior at close quarters. [=from a short distance]我们得以近距离观察他们的行为。
Over 200 people lived in close quarters [=very close together] on the ship.那艘船上挤了200多人。

— see also close encounter at ²encounter

: near in time（时间上）接近的，靠近的

Christmas is getting closer and will soon be here.圣诞节马上就要到了。
She had her two children very close together. [=her second child was born soon after her first]她的两个孩子年龄很接近。

— often + to

You shouldn't snack so close to dinnertime.你不该在快到饭点的时候吃点心。
It's getting close to midnight.快到午夜了。
My birthday is close to Thanksgiving.我的生日离感恩节很近。

not used before a noun : very similar : almost the same相似；相近

Their daughters are close in age.他们的女儿年龄相仿。
close in size and shape大小和形状差不多

— often + to

a sound close to the sound of breaking glass类似于玻璃破碎的声音
He bears a close resemblance to his father. [=he looks very much like his father]他长得很像他父亲。

not used before a noun : almost correct基本正确

“I'd guess that you're 29 years old.” “You're close. I'm 30.”猜你有29岁。”“差不多。我30岁了。”
It's not exactly right, but it's close.不完全正确，但很接近了。
You're way off! Not even close! [=you are completely wrong]你完全搞错了！根本不沾边儿！

◊ The informal phrase close but no cigar is used to say that a guess was almost correct or that an effort was almost good enough.基本正确；差不多

“Was I right?” “Close, but no cigar.”“我说的对吗？”“差不多，但不完全对。”
We were close but no cigar.我们几乎成功做到了我们想做的。

a — used to say that someone or something has almost reached a particular condition接近（某种状况）的 — + to

He was close to death when they brought him to the hospital.他们把他送到医院时，他快要咽气了。
These rare birds are close to extinction.这些珍稀鸟类都已濒临灭绝。
His reply left her close to tears. [=his reply almost made her cry]他的回答让她差点儿哭了出来。

b : almost doing something几乎要（做某事）的 — + to

She was close to crying.她快要哭了。
The bridge came dangerously close to collapsing. [=the bridge almost collapsed]大桥就快要垮塌了。

— used to say that something bad almost happened（坏事）险些发生的

That was close! We almost missed our plane.好险啊！我们差点儿误了航班。
That was a close one. [=close call, close shave]那真是好险啊。

— see also too close for comfort at ¹comfort

— used to describe the people you are most directly related to (such as your parents, children, sisters, brothers, etc.)近亲的（如父母、子女、兄弟姐妹等）

She had no close relatives nearby.她身边没有近亲。
We're only inviting close family members to our wedding.我们只邀请至亲来参加我们的婚礼。

— compare distant

— used to describe people who know each other very well and care about each other very much亲密的；亲近的

They were close friends in high school, but they've since grown apart.他们高中时曾是亲密的朋友，但从那以后渐渐疏远了。
My sister and I have always been very close.我和我姐姐关系一直很亲密。
We have a very close relationship.我们的关系十分亲密。

— often + to

We've always felt very close to each other.我们一直觉得彼此非常亲近。
He's very close to his grandparents.他跟爷爷奶奶非常亲。

: connected in a direct way联系紧密的

Sources close to the president say that he is willing to make a deal.总统身边的人透露，他愿意达成这项协议。
She stays in close touch/contact with her friends back home.她与老家的朋友们保持着紧密的关系/联系。
Authorities claim he has close ties to terrorist organizations.当局称他与恐怖组织有密切联系。

— sometimes used figuratively有时用作比喻

This idea lies close to the heart of Democracy. [=it has an important connection to Democracy]这一观念与民主政治的核心密切相关。
Animal rights is a cause that is close to my heart. [=I care very much about animal rights]我十分关注动物的权利。

: very careful, complete, or precise仔细的；全面的；精确的

It's important to pay close attention to the details.认真注意细节非常重要。
Take a closer look at the evidence.再仔细核查一下证据。
On closer examination, it appeared that something was missing.经进一步的仔细检查，才发现遗漏了一些东西。
We worked under the close supervision of a trained professional.我们在一位训练有素的专业人士的细心指导下工作。
a close study of the Greek classics对希腊古典文学的潜心研究
a close reading of a text对文本的深入品读
Keep (a) close watch on the baby. = Keep a close eye on the baby. [=watch the baby closely]好好照看那个婴儿。

— used to describe a race, contest, game, etc., in which one person, group, or team defeats the other or is leading the other by only a small amount比分接近的；势均力敌的

That was a close game. We only beat them by one point.那是一场势均力敌的比赛。我们仅以一分的优势战胜了他们。
It was the closest election in recent history.这是近代史上最激烈的一场竞选。
a close race势均力敌的比赛
At this point, the election is too close to call. [=it is not clear who will win]此刻，选举还是难分胜负。

◊ When you are a close second, there is a small difference between you and the winner.惜败于第一的人；稍逊于第一的第二名

Vanilla is the most popular flavor while chocolate is/finishes/runs a close second.香草味的最受欢迎，巧克力味的紧随其后，位居第二。
She won the race while her teammate came in a close second. [=her teammate finished soon after her]她赢了比赛，而她的队友紧随其后，得了第二名。

: very short or near to the skin很短的；齐根的

a close haircut/shave剪到齐根的头发；刮得很干净的胡子

: fitting tightly : having no extra space贴身的；没有空隙的

I think there's enough room in the car for all of us, but it'll be a close [=tight] fit.我觉得车里的空间能够容得下我们，只是会很挤。

— see also close-fitting

: warm in an uncomfortable way : not having enough fresh air闷热的；不透风的

It's very close in here: let's open a window.这儿太闷了，咱们打开一扇窗户吧。

close to home

◊ If something is close to home, it affects you in a strong and personal way.（因关乎自身而）感到尴尬的，受到严重影响的

I'm a teacher, so their criticisms of our educational system hit close to home.我是一名教师，所以他们对我们教育制度的批评令我很尴尬。
People are usually not concerned about crime until it comes close to home. [=until it affects them directly]人们通常只有自身受到直接影响的时候才会关注犯罪。

close to the bone

◊ If something is close to the bone, it is very honest and deals with sensitive issues that can shock people or hurt their feelings.尖锐的；一针见血的

His joke about racism in America cut pretty close to the bone.他关于美国种族主义的玩笑话真是一针见血。

close to the edge

— see ¹edge

close to the mark

— see ¹mark

close to your chest

or US close to the vest

◊ If you hold, keep, or play something close to your chest or close to the vest, you do not tell other people about it.守口如瓶；秘而不宣

It's better to hold such information close to the vest.这种消息最好不要外泄。
She tends to keep her opinions close to her chest.她往往把自己的想法藏在心里。

— closely

adverb [more closely; most closely]

Don't drive too closely behind the car in front of you.开车时不要离前边的车太近。
The houses on our street are crowded very closely together.我们那条街的房子都挨得非常近。
She closely resembles her mother.她长得很像她母亲。
The suspects were watched closely by the police.警方密切监视着嫌疑犯。
We've been studying their behavior very closely.我们一直在仔细研究他们的行为。
closely related family members至亲

— closeness

noun [noncount]

the closeness of the election results竞选结果非常接近
the closeness felt by a parent and child父母与孩子间的亲密关系

³ close /ˈkloʊs/ adverb

closer; closest

³ close

/ˈkloʊs/

adverb

closer; closest

Learner's definition of CLOSE

: at or to a short distance or time away（空间上）靠近地；（时间上）接近地

Don't drive so close to the car in front of you.开车时不要离前边的车太近。
He told me to stay/keep close as we walked through the crowd.穿过人群时，他让我跟紧他。
Come close, everyone.大家靠拢点。
Look close [=closely] and tell me what you see.离近点看，告诉我你看到了什么。
She drew me close (to her) and held me.她把我拉到身边，搂住了我。
The time for a decision is drawing closer.做决定的时刻越来越近了。
My teammate came in third, and I finished close behind.我的队友得了第三名，我紧随其后。
They sat close together at the dinner table.他们紧挨着坐在餐桌旁。

close at hand

: near in time or place（时间上）在眼前；（空间上）在附近

I always keep a few tissues close at hand [=near me] just in case.我总在手边放一些纸巾以备不时之需。
The time for us to leave was close at hand.我们离开的时间就要到了。

close by

: at a short distance away在附近

Don't worry: if anything happens I'll be (standing) close by (you).别担心：不管发生什么事，我都会在你身边。
They're building a school close by.他们正在附近建一所学校。

close on

British

: almost or nearly几乎；差不多

We walked for close on [=close to] five miles.我们差不多走了五英里。

close to

: almost or nearly几乎；差不多

They spent close to half a million dollars on the project.他们在这个项目上差不多花了五十万美元。
Our company employs close to a thousand workers.我们公司大约雇了一千名员工。
I haven't seen her in close to a year.我差不多有一年没见过她了。
I sat there for close to an hour.我在那儿差不多坐了一个小时。

British : from a short distance从近距离

She's even more beautiful when seen close to. [=close up]她近看时更漂亮。

close up

or up close

: from a short distance : at close range接近；靠近

You have to look at the painting close up to really appreciate its detail.你真要欣赏这幅画的细节，就得靠近了看。
It looks very different up close.离近了看，它有很大的不同。

— see also close-up

come close

: to almost do something几乎做成

We didn't win, but we came close.我们没有赢，但是就差一点。

— often + to

The band came very close to breaking up.乐队快要解散了。
We came close to winning the championship this season.我们差一点就获得了本赛季的冠军。

: to be similar to something or as good as expected与…相似；达到期望

She said they taste just like real hot dogs, but they don't even come close (to the real thing).她说吃起来味道很像热狗，但实际上跟热狗一点儿也不像。

cut it close

— see ¹cut

⁴ close /ˈkloʊz/ noun

⁴ close

/ˈkloʊz/

noun

Learner's definition of CLOSE

[singular] formal

: the end of an activity or a period of time结尾；结束

Students vote for their favorite teacher at the close of each year.每年年末，学生们都要选出他们最喜欢的老师。
At the close of trading, the stock market was two percent lower than yesterday.收盘时，股市比昨天跌了两个百分点。
As the year drew to a close, the debate over the new project grew more intense.临近年末，关于那项新工程的争论越来越激烈了。
The war finally appears to be coming to a close.看来战争终于要结束了。
She brought the show to a close with a performance of her most famous song.她以自己最著名的歌曲结束了演出。

— see also complimentary close

— compare ⁵close

⁵ close /ˈkloʊs/ noun

plural closes

⁵ close

/ˈkloʊs/

noun

plural closes

Learner's definition of CLOSE

[count] British

: the area and buildings that are around a cathedral（教堂附近的）区域，建筑

a cathedral close教堂围地

: a road that is closed at one end死路；死胡同— used in street names用于街道名称

Turn into Bloomhill Close.拐到布鲁姆希尔路了。

— compare ⁴close

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close

close down

close in

close off

close on

close out

close ranks

close the door on

close up

close your doors

close your eyes to

close to home

close to the bone

close to the edge

close to the mark

close to your chest

— closely

— closeness

close at hand

close by

close on

close to

close up

come close

cut it close

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