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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2504 COCA: 4392

comprise

verb

com·​prise kəm-ˈprīz How to pronounce comprise (audio)
comprised; comprising

transitive verb

1
: to be made up of
The factory was to be a vast installation, comprising fifty buildings. Jane Jacobs
The play comprises three acts.
2
: compose, constitute
… a misconception as to what comprises a literary generation. William Styron
… about 8 percent of our military forces are comprised of women. Jimmy Carter
3
: to include especially within a particular scope
… civilization as Lenin used the term would then certainly have comprised the changes that are now associated in our minds with "developed" rather than "developing" states. The Times Literary Supplement (London)
Comprise vs. Compose: Usage Guide

Although it has been in use since the late 18th century, sense 2 is still attacked as wrong. Why it has been singled out is not clear, but until comparatively recent times it was found chiefly in scientific or technical writing rather than belles lettres. Our current evidence shows a slight shift in usage: sense 2 is somewhat more frequent in recent literary use than the earlier senses. You should be aware, however, that if you use sense 2 you may be subject to criticism for doing so, and you may want to choose a safer synonym such as compose or make up.

Did you know?

Comprise has undergone a substantial shift in usage since first appearing in English in the 15th century. For many years, grammarians insisted that the usage of comprise meaning "to be made up of," as in phrases like "a team comprising nine players," was correct, and that comprise meaning "to make up," as in phrases like "the nine players who comprise the team," was not. This disputed use is most common in the passive construction "to be comprised of," as in "a team comprised of nine players." Until relatively recently, this less-favored sense appeared mostly in scientific writing, but current evidence shows that it is now somewhat more common in general use than the word's other meanings.

Synonyms

Example Sentences

Each army division comprised 4,500 troops. The play comprises three acts.
Recent Examples on the Web Black dignity and citizenship comprise the essence of the moral and political project that represents the most substantive issue of our era. Time, 15 Sep. 2022 All in all, the collections of the Ethnological Museum and the Museum for Asian Art comprise about 500,000 objects, which were previously shown in museums in the city’s Dahlem district. Kirsten Grieshaber, The Christian Science Monitor, 15 Sep. 2022 Those abortions comprise approximately 1 percent of abortions. Stephanie Ebbert, BostonGlobe.com, 14 Sep. 2022 Black athletes now comprise nearly three-quarters of NBA players, but during the first half of the 20th century – until 1951 – mainstream professional basketball was an all-White game. Harry Edwards, CNN, 13 Sep. 2022 These service providers comprise the top 8 percent of more than 400 service providers in California’s 13 southern counties. Laura Groch, San Diego Union-Tribune, 11 Sep. 2022 Indeed children comprise more than half of the top two dozen in the line of succession. Joe Murphy, NBC News, 8 Sep. 2022 More than 100 unique pieces comprise the art collection at this Sonoma getaway, with fireplaces in guest rooms, a mid-century pool, two apiaries, and a chef’s garden that supplies farm-fresh ingredients to the bar and restaurant. Sunset Magazine, 6 Sep. 2022 Of that sales sum, vinyl sales comprise nearly 36,000 – Lamar’s best sales week ever on vinyl. Keith Caulfield, Billboard, 6 Sep. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, from Anglo-French compris, past participle of comprendre, from Latin comprehendere — see comprehend

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 3

Time Traveler
The first known use of comprise was in the 15th century

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