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IELTS BNC: 4444 COCA: 5285

empirical

adjective

em·​pir·​i·​cal im-ˈpir-i-kəl How to pronounce empirical (audio)
em-
variants or less commonly empiric
im-ˈpir-ik How to pronounce empirical (audio) em- How to pronounce empirical (audio)
1
: originating in or based on observation or experience
empirical data
2
: relying on experience or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory
an empirical basis for the theory
3
: capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment
empirical laws
4
: of or relating to empiricism

Did you know?

Empirical Has Roots in Latin and Greek

When empirical first appeared as an adjective in English, it meant simply "in the manner of an empiric." An empiric was a member of an ancient sect of doctors who practiced medicine based exclusively on observation or experience as contrasted with those who relied on theory or philosophy. The name empiric derives from Latin empīricus, itself from Greek empeirikós, meaning "based on observation (of medical treatment), experienced." The root of the Greek word (-peiros) is a derivative of peîra, meaning "attempt, trial, test."

Synonyms

Example Sentences

Eventually, access to electron microscopes and X-ray diffraction technology provided the necessary empirical evidence to test the hypotheses, and the jigsaw pieces began to fall into place. Gail Nichols, Ceramics Monthly, February 2002 No religion, new or old, is subject to empirical proof, so what we have is a contest between faiths. Harvey Cox, Atlantic, March 1999 They collected plenty of empirical data from their experiments. guidelines for raising children that are based on empirical evidence
Recent Examples on the Web Most people believe that music has some therapeutic power, and that confidence is increasingly backed by empirical evidence. Melinda Latour, The Conversation, 16 Aug. 2022 In other words, medical professionals have no empirical evidence that shows how their patients’ social needs affect their health. Ken Frazier, STAT, 7 Aug. 2022 Again, a little empirical analysis would help in assessing these questions. Richard Vedder, Forbes, 3 Sep. 2021 Though often not recognized, the answers to these value judgments depend more on the executive’s philosophical foundations than on empirical analysis. Robert Brooks, National Review, 7 May 2021 Mora's team systematically screened literature that revealed 3,213 empirical cases linking 286 unique, human pathogenic diseases to 10 climate hazards, such as warming, floods or drought. Julia Jacobo, ABC News, 8 Aug. 2022 There were two reasons for that, one empirical and one structural. Michael Tomasky, The New Republic, 1 Aug. 2022 In many cases, readily measurable QoS parameters still have some predictive power, even when conventional empirical QoE formulas are no longer guaranteed to hold. Yaakov Stein, Forbes, 15 July 2022 So Monet’s transposition of the empirical world into colored light can also be seen in the context of Buddhist ideas about the interconnectedness of all things. Washington Post, 7 July 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

empiric "of physicians in ancient Greece and Rome holding that treatment should be based on observation rather than theory" (going back to Middle English emperic, borrowed from early Medieval Latin empīricus, borrowed from Greek empeirikós, "based on observation (of medical treatment), experienced") + -al entry 1 — more at empiric

First Known Use

1576, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of empirical was in 1576

Phrases Containing empirical

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