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shall

verb

shəl,
ˈshal How to pronounce shall (audio)
past should
shəd,
ˈshu̇d How to pronounce shall (audio)
; present singular and plural shall

auxiliary verb

1
a
used to express what is inevitable or seems likely to happen in the future
we shall have to be readywe shall see
b
used to express simple futurity
when shall we expect you
2
used to express determination
they shall not pass
3
a
used to express a command or exhortation
you shall go
b
used in laws, regulations, or directives to express what is mandatory
it shall be unlawful to carry firearms
4
archaic
a
: will have to : must
b
: will be able to : can

intransitive verb

archaic : will go
he to England shall along with you William Shakespeare
Shall vs. Will: Usage Guide

From the reams of pronouncements written about the distinction between shall and will—dating back as far as the 17th century—it is clear that the rules laid down have never very accurately reflected actual usage. The nationalistic statements of 18th and 19th century British grammarians, who commonly cited the misuses of the Irish, the Scots, and occasionally the Americans, suggest that the traditional rules may have come closest to the usage of southern England. Some modern commentators believe that English usage is still the closest to the traditionally prescribed norms. Most modern commentators allow that will is more common in nearly all uses. The entries for shall and will in this dictionary show current usage.

Example Sentences

you shall do as I say
Recent Examples on the Web Beginning with the current school year, total tuition generated by the Queretaro campus shall be calculated based on all student credit hours; in the initial agreement, the relevant calculation was based on 95% of student credit hours. Ryan Anderson, Arkansas Online, 3 Sep. 2022 The document that says Congress shall make no laws abridging the freedom of the press. cleveland, 20 Aug. 2022 When the most powerful alleviative known to science has bestowed the last Judas kiss, what shall soothe such doom? Fitz Hugh Ludlow, Harper’s Magazine , 17 Aug. 2022 The state shall not discriminate in the protection or enforcement of this fundamental right. Dave Boucher, Detroit Free Press, 16 Aug. 2022 Verifiable identity data sets, by getting into the right level of details to mitigate fraud and default risks, shall become possible through an open-data-sharing ecosystem of immutable data assets. Michel Kilzi, Forbes, 10 Aug. 2022 The Air Force also agreed to alter its policy to reflect that no one shall be denied access to its social-media content based on their viewpoint. Terence J. Pell, WSJ, 4 Aug. 2022 The new venture shall be managed by Julian Hicks of Moviebox and Herd’s Shelley Hammond, with additional close support from Herd execs Ben Dillon, Iggy Ellis and Hollie Richmond. Alex Ritman, The Hollywood Reporter, 3 Aug. 2022 All shall be revealed once upon a time, in a land close to here. Joey Nolfi, EW.com, 1 Aug. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Middle English shal (1st & 3rd singular present indicative), from Old English sceal; akin to Old High German scal (1st & 3rd singular present indicative) ought to, must, Lithuanian skola debt

First Known Use

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4a

Time Traveler
The first known use of shall was before the 12th century

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