Sciolism comes from the Late Latin sciolus, which means "smatterer" (or "one who speaks with spotty or superficial knowledge"). "Sciolus" comes from the diminutive of Latin scius, meaning "knowing," which itself comes from the verb scire, meaning "to know." Of course, if you know something about Latin roots, you know that "scire" is the source of many other English words, including "science," "prescience" ("foreknowledge"), "nescience" ("lack of knowledge"), and "conscience."
Word History
Etymology
Late Latin sciolus "smatterer, pretender to knowledge" (Latin scius "possessing knowledge, expert," derivative of scīre "to know" —perhaps as back-formation from nescius "ignorant"— + -olus, diminutive suffix, here with depreciative value) + -ism — more at science