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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1115 COCA: 1223

scale

1 of 7

noun (1)

1
: an instrument or machine for weighing
2
a
: a beam that is supported freely in the center and has two pans of equal weight suspended from its ends
usually used in plural
b
: either pan or tray of a balance

scale

2 of 7

verb (1)

scaled; scaling

transitive verb

: to weigh in scales

intransitive verb

: to have a specified weight on scales

scale

3 of 7

noun (2)

1
a
: a small, flattened, rigid, and definitely circumscribed plate forming part of the external body covering especially of a fish
b
: a small thin plate suggesting a fish scale
scales of mica
the scales on a moth's wing
c
: the scaly covering of a scaled animal
2
: a small thin dry lamina shed (as in many skin diseases) from the skin
3
: a thin coating, layer, or incrustation: such as
a
: a usually black scaly coating of oxide forming on the surface of a metal (such as iron) when it is heated for processing
b
: a hard incrustation usually rich in sulfate of calcium that is deposited on the inside of a vessel (such as a boiler) in which water is heated
4
a
: a modified leaf protecting a seed plant bud before expansion
b
: a thin, membranous, chaffy, or woody bract
5
a
: any of the small overlapping usually metal pieces forming the outer surface of scale armor
6
b
: infestation with or disease caused by scale insects
scaled adjective
scaleless adjective

scale

4 of 7

verb (2)

scaled; scaling

transitive verb

1
: to remove the scale or scales from (as by scraping)
scale a fish
2
: to take off in thin layers or scales
scale tartar from the teeth
3
: to throw (something, such as a thin, flat stone) so that the edge cuts the air or so that it skips on water : skim

intransitive verb

1
: to separate and come off in scales : flake
2
: to shed scales
scaling skin

scale

5 of 7

noun (3)

1
: a graduated series of musical tones ascending or descending in order of pitch according to a specified scheme of their intervals
2
: something graduated especially when used as a measure or rule: such as
a
: an indication of the relationship between the distances on a map and the corresponding actual distances
b
: a series of marks or points at known intervals used to measure distances (such as the height of the mercury in a thermometer)
3
a
: a graduated series or scheme of rank or order
a scale of taxation
4
a
: a proportion between two sets of dimensions (as between those of a drawing and its original)
b
: a distinctive relative size, extent, or degree
projects done on a large scale
5
: a graded series of tests or of performances used in rating individual intelligence or achievement
6
a
archaic : a means of ascent
b
obsolete : ladder
scale adjective

scale

6 of 7

verb (3)

scaled; scaling

transitive verb

1
a
: to climb up or reach by means of a ladder
b
: to attack with or take by means of scaling ladders
scale a castle wall
c
: to reach the highest point of : surmount
scale a mountain
2
a
: to pattern, make, regulate, set, or estimate according to some rate or standard : adjust
a production schedule scaled to actual need
often used with back, down, or up
scale down imports
b
: to arrange in a graduated series
c(1)
: to measure by or as if by a scale
(2)
: to measure or estimate the sound content of (logs, standing timber, etc.)

intransitive verb

1
: to climb by or as if by a ladder
2
: to rise in a graduated series
3

scale

7 of 7

noun (4)

1
: an estimate of the amount of sound lumber in logs or standing timber
2
obsolete : escalade
Phrases
to scale
: according to the proportions of an established scale of measurement
floor plans drawn to scale

Synonyms

Word History

Etymology

Noun (1)

Middle English scole, scale bowl, scale of a balance, from Old Norse skāl; akin to Old Norse skel shell — more at shell

Noun (2)

Middle English, from Anglo-French escale, eschale, of Germanic origin; akin to Old English scealu shell, husk — more at shell

Noun (3)

Middle English, from Late Latin scala ladder, staircase, from Latin scalae, plural, stairs, rungs, ladder; akin to Latin scandere to climb — more at scan

Verb (3) and Noun (4)

Middle English, from scale entry 5

First Known Use

Noun (1)

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2b

Verb (1)

1691, in the meaning defined at transitive sense

Noun (2)

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Verb (2)

15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1

Noun (3)

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 6b

Verb (3)

14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1b

Noun (4)

circa 1587, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of scale was in the 14th century

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