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TOEFL BNC: 15526 COCA: 15705

lichen

noun

li·​chen ˈlī-kən How to pronounce lichen (audio)
 British also  ˈli-chən
1
: any of numerous complex plantlike organisms made up of an alga or a cyanobacterium and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on a solid surface (such as on a rock or the bark of trees)

Note: The main body of the lichen, known as the thallus, is formed by fungal filaments which surround the photosynthetic algal or cyanobacterial cells. The lichen is usually described as having a leaflike (foliose), crusty (crustose), or branching shrub-like (fruticose) form. Lichens often play an important part in the weathering of rocks and include some that are sources of natural dyes.

2
: any of several skin diseases characterized by the eruptions of flat papules
lichened
ˈlī-kənd How to pronounce lichen (audio)
 British also  ˈli-chənd
adjective
lichenous
ˈlī-kə-nəs How to pronounce lichen (audio)
 British also  ˈli-chə-
adjective

Illustration of lichen

Illustration of lichen
  • lichen 1

Example Sentences

Recent Examples on the Web So, Francine Fungus and Albert Algae took a lichen to each other. Los Angeles Times, 4 Sep. 2022 Caribou in the Delta herd and Macomb herd, which utilize lichen in the black spruce forests, have been forced to move to areas with lesser-quality feed. John Schandelmeier, Anchorage Daily News, 12 Feb. 2022 That allowed Nelson and his team to estimate how quickly the algae—and in turn, the lichen—adapted to past changes in their environment. Corryn Wetzel, Smithsonian Magazine, 17 Feb. 2022 Hot weather isn’t good for lichen growth on the open tundra, and lichens in the Tangle Lakes area and the Maclaren Desert have not fared well in recent years. John Schandelmeier, Anchorage Daily News, 14 Sep. 2021 Some of the lichen species here are found only on old-growth trees — just one of the beautiful associations in a complex ecological system that has evolved over thousands of years. Lynda V. Mapes, Anchorage Daily News, 13 Sep. 2021 Sami reindeer herders have been taking their animals to graze on the lichen of Finland’s northerly forests for hundreds of years, but community leaders say their way of life is being threatened by a potential increase in logging. The Christian Science Monitor, 1 July 2021 In 2018, when Canada hosted, the dishes served at the summit incorporated Arctic lichen and maple leaves. Washington Post, 11 June 2021 Cross handed me a blotter dipped in oakmoss absolute, extracted from a ghostly frisée-looking frond that is actually a lichen that grows on oak trees. Noy Thrupkaew, Washington Post, 21 Apr. 2021 See More

Word History

Etymology

Latin, from Greek leichēn, lichēn, from leichein to lick

First Known Use

circa 1657, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of lichen was circa 1657

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