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fluctuate

verb

fluc·​tu·​ate ˈflək-chə-ˌwāt How to pronounce fluctuate (audio)
-chü-ˌāt
fluctuated; fluctuating

intransitive verb

1
: to shift back and forth uncertainly
Oil prices fluctuated.
Temperatures fluctuated.
2
: to rise and fall in or as if in waves
The boat fluctuated on the rough sea.

transitive verb

: to cause to fluctuate
Choose the Right Synonym for fluctuate

swing, sway, oscillate, vibrate, fluctuate, waver, undulate mean to move from one direction to its opposite.

swing implies a movement of something attached at one end or one side.

the door suddenly swung open

sway implies a slow swinging or teetering movement.

trees swaying in the breeze

oscillate stresses a usually regular alternation of direction.

an oscillating fan

vibrate suggests the rapid oscillation of an elastic body under stress or impact.

the vibrating strings of a piano

fluctuate suggests constant irregular changes of level, intensity, or value.

fluctuating interest rates

waver stresses irregular motion suggestive of reeling or tottering.

the exhausted runner wavered before collapsing

undulate suggests a gentle wavelike motion.

an undulating sea of grass

Example Sentences

His popularity has fluctuated during his term in office. In the desert, the temperature fluctuates dramatically.
Recent Examples on the Web Projects will then fluctuate up and down in the public rankings. Steven Zeitchik, Washington Post, 14 July 2022 The deputy added the incident is an example on how the weather can drastically fluctuate from cold to warm in the Denver area, meaning ice may not be thick. Jordan Mendoza, USA TODAY, 12 Jan. 2022 The ranunculus typically reach peak bloom in April though the exact dates fluctuate from year to year. Jessica Poitevien, Travel + Leisure, 11 Jan. 2022 Cycle length can vary greatly from woman to woman, and even fluctuate from month to month. Christine Yu, Outside Online, 6 Sep. 2020 The tax on your gains can fluctuate with your tax bracket. Bob Carlson, Forbes, 26 Aug. 2022 This number can fluctuate depending on number of days per week worked, number of patients seen, types of cases completed (medical versus cosmetic versus surgical), practice location, and more. Megan Decker, refinery29.com, 18 Aug. 2022 Others, like blood cortisol levels, may fluctuate between different set points based on stress levels or sleep cycles. Monique Brouillette, Popular Mechanics, 12 Aug. 2022 Since indoor radon levels are tied to airflow, levels can fluctuate day to day and by season. Maya Miller, ProPublica, 8 Aug. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Latin fluctuatus, past participle of fluctuare, from fluctus flow, wave, from fluere — more at fluid

First Known Use

1604, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of fluctuate was in 1604

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