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aggravate

verb

ag·​gra·​vate ˈa-grə-ˌvāt How to pronounce aggravate (audio)
aggravated; aggravating

transitive verb

1
: to make worse, more serious, or more severe : to intensify unpleasantly
problems have been aggravated by neglect
2
a
: to rouse to displeasure or anger by usually persistent and often petty goading
were aggravated by the noise and traffic
b
: to produce inflammation in
3
obsolete
a
: to make heavy : burden
b
Common Uses of Aggravate, Aggravation, and Aggravating: Usage Guide

Although aggravate has been used to refer to rousing someone to anger since the 17th century, it has been the object of disapproval only since about 1870. It is used in expository prose

when his silly conceit … about his not-very-good early work has begun to aggravate us William Styron

but seems to be more common in speech and casual writing.

a good profession for him, because bus drivers get aggravated Jackie Gleason, interview, 1986
& now this letter comes to aggravate me a thousand times worse Mark Twain, letter, 1864

The "make worse" meaning is far more common in published prose than the "rouse to anger" meaning. Such is not the case, however, with aggravation and aggravating. Aggravation is used in the "irritation, provocation" sense somewhat more than in its earlier senses; aggravating has practically no use other than to express annoyance.

Example Sentences

She aggravated an old knee injury. They're afraid that we might aggravate an already bad situation. A headache can be aggravated by too much exercise. The symptoms were aggravated by drinking alcohol. All of these delays really aggravate me. Our neighbors were aggravated by all the noise. See More
Recent Examples on the Web This feedback loop most likely will expand the acres burned, aggravate health for millions of people and make the climate change faster than ever. Randi Jandt, Scientific American, 1 Oct. 2021 The car bombing, unusual for Moscow since the turbulent 1990s, is likely to aggravate tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Vladimir Isachenkov, Chicago Tribune, 22 Aug. 2022 The car bombing, unusual for Moscow, is likely to aggravate tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Jim Heintz, ajc, 21 Aug. 2022 The vivid act of violence, unusual for Moscow, is likely to aggravate tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Jim Heintz, Anchorage Daily News, 21 Aug. 2022 The delivery flaws threaten to aggravate tensions between federal health officials and their state counterparts. Apoorva Mandavilli, BostonGlobe.com, 15 Aug. 2022 Rising temperatures elevate ozone levels in the air, which can aggravate asthma symptoms and irritate airways. Erik Ortiz, NBC News, 20 Aug. 2022 The war in Ukraine has complicated the Fed’s ability to achieve a soft landing because wars are often inflationary and the West’s heavy sanctioning of Russia threatens to further aggravate global supply-chain disruptions. Nick Timiraos, WSJ, 25 Apr. 2022 The move is among Putin’s first retaliatory attacks on sanctions, and may aggravate Western leaders even further. Tristan Bove, Fortune, 10 Mar. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from Latin aggravātus, past participle of aggravāre "to weigh down, burden, oppress, make worse," from ad- ad- + gravāre "to make heavy, weigh down," verbal derivative of gravis "heavy" — more at grieve

First Known Use

1530, in the meaning defined at sense 3

Time Traveler
The first known use of aggravate was in 1530

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