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refractory

1 of 2

adjective

re·​frac·​to·​ry ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē How to pronounce refractory (audio)
1
: resisting control or authority : stubborn, unmanageable
2
a
: resistant to treatment or cure
a refractory lesion
b
: unresponsive to stimulus
c
: immune, insusceptible
after recovery they were refractory to infection
3
: difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out
especially : capable of enduring high temperature
refractorily
ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rə-lē How to pronounce refractory (audio)
ˌrē-ˌfrak-ˈtȯr-ə-lē
ri-
adverb
refractoriness
ri-ˈfrak-t(ə-)rē-nəs How to pronounce refractory (audio)
noun

refractory

2 of 2

noun

plural refractories
: a refractory person or thing
especially : a heat-resisting ceramic material

Did you know?

Refractory is from the Latin word refractarius. During the 17th century, it was sometimes spelled as refractary, but that spelling, though more in keeping with its Latin parent, had fallen out of use by the century's end. Refractarius, like refractory, is the result of a slight variation in spelling. It stems from the Latin verb refragari, meaning "to oppose."

Synonyms

Adjective

Choose the Right Synonym for refractory

unruly, ungovernable, intractable, refractory, recalcitrant, willful, headstrong mean not submissive to government or control.

unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

Example Sentences

Adjective refractory players will be ejected from the game believing that rules are only for other people, he's been refractory virtually his entire life
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
Interim results from two Phase 3 studies show the ability of ibrexafungerp to combat refractory fungal infections in a hospital setting. Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 6 July 2022 However, there is some concern regarding the safety of PPI treatment, as well as the fact that a subset of patients are refractory. Joshua Cohen, Forbes, 1 June 2022 At an outpatient clinic, Tawfik treats rare and refractory types of pain usually associated with surgery or injury, such as chronic neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Troy Farah, Scientific American, 30 Sep. 2021 There have been some positive developments for Bristol Myers Squibb as well, including the EU approval for Abecma - the First Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy - for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Trefis Team, Forbes, 28 Sep. 2021 Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory, vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books, 11 June 2020 Cinematographer Yves Bélanger was having a fair amount of fun with fish-eye lenses, refractory visual effects, and askew angles. Roxana Hadadi, Vulture, 15 Sep. 2021 Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory, vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books, 11 June 2020 The 9% rise can primarily be attributed to the announcement of positive interim data from a phase one study for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. Trefis Team, Forbes, 30 Mar. 2021
Noun
Our systematic approach to research enabled the first-ever treatment (siltuximab) and discovery of a treatment for patients who are siltuximab-refractory, like me. K.n.c., The Economist, 27 Nov. 2019 Almost a third endure refractory epilepsy, meaning typical pharmaceutical drugs have little effect in reducing the instances or frequency of seizures. Robert Iddiols, CNN, 28 Sep. 2019 See More

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

alteration of refractary, from Latin refractarius, irregular from refragari to oppose, from re- + -fragari (as in suffragari to support with one's vote)

First Known Use

Adjective

1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Noun

1627, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of refractory was in 1606

Phrases Containing refractory

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