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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5386 COCA: 6360

deficiency

noun

de·​fi·​cien·​cy di-ˈfi-shən-sē How to pronounce deficiency (audio)
plural deficiencies
1
: the quality or state of being defective or of lacking some necessary quality or element : the quality or state of being deficient : inadequacy
suffers from a deficiency of critical thinking
2
: an amount that is lacking or inadequate : shortage
staffing deficiencies
: such as
a
: a shortage of substances necessary to health
a vitamin C deficiency
hormone deficiencies
b

Example Sentences

The disease may be caused by nutritional deficiencies. The book's major deficiency is its poor plot. a deficiency of vitamin C There are several deficiencies in his plan. The accident was caused by deficiencies in the engine.
Recent Examples on the Web Gradually, people came to see her stoicism as an asset, even a necessity, rather than a personal deficiency. Los Angeles Times, 9 Sep. 2022 Research has shown that vitamin D deficiency impairs the immune system, and some studies have found vitamin D supplements may reduce the risk of respiratory virus infections and calm immune system overreaction. Sandee Lamotte, CNN, 7 Sep. 2022 Summer gets a lot of love in Oregon, but that’s just because mostly everyone is working on a Vitamin D deficiency. oregonlive, 6 Sep. 2022 The state’s grid operator is forecasting an energy deficiency between 5 p.m. and 9 p.m. local time. Joe Ryan, Fortune, 5 Sep. 2022 This can be especially helpful during that time of month for women when iron deficiency may occur. Cate Geiger Kalus, Country Living, 8 Aug. 2022 The emergence of Michalski would also be important, especially with tackle looming as an even bigger deficiency in 2023. Nathan Baird, cleveland, 27 July 2022 This could be caused by an impaired skin barrier or a dysfunction or deficiency in the necessary healthy fats in the top layer of the skin (like cholesterol, fatty acids, and ceramides). Hannah Dylan Pasternak, SELF, 19 July 2022 Pyrukynd is a pill for a hereditary blood disorder called pyruvate kinase deficiency. Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com, 12 July 2022 See More

Word History

First Known Use

1603, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of deficiency was in 1603

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