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IELTS BNC: 573 COCA: 438

hard
1 hard /ˈhɑɚd/ adjective
harder; hardest
1 hard
/ˈhɑɚd/
adjective
harder; hardest
Learner's definition of HARD
1 
: very firm or solid : not easy to bend, cut, etc. : not soft硬的；坚硬的
— opposite soft
2 
: physically or mentally difficult : not easy费力的；辛苦的；困难的
3 
a  : difficult to experience : severe or harsh难以忍受的；严酷的
: having a lot of pain, trouble, or worries艰辛的；困苦的
◊ Hard times are times when there is a lot of trouble, poverty, worry, or failure.艰难时期
b  : having a harmful or destructive effect造成损害的；毁灭性的
4 
: working or doing something with a lot of energy努力的；勤劳的
5 
: very forceful猛烈的；强有力的
: quick and forceful快速猛烈的
6 
: done with a lot of careful thought and attention : thorough or intense仔细的；认真的；精心的
7 
: able to be clearly seen and measured : not able to be questioned or doubted确凿的；不容置疑的
8 
a  : not seeming to care about other people or to feel kindness or affection冷酷无情的；无动于衷的
— opposite soft
b  : not gentle or friendly严厉的；不友好的
9 
: holding extreme political views（政治上）持极端观点的
10 
: relating to serious matters严肃的；重要的
— opposite soft
11 
a  : containing a large amount of alcohol酒精含量高的；烈性的
b  : containing alcohol含酒精的
12 
: powerful and extremely harmful to the health极有害的；毒性大的
— opposite soft
13 
of water : containing many minerals and therefore unable to make bubbles with soap（水质）硬的
— opposite soft
14 
: having clear, sharp lines生硬的；刻板的
15 
: very bright and unpleasant刺眼的
16 
: sounding like the “c” in “cold” or the “g” in “geese”硬音的（如cold当中的c或geese当中的g）
— opposite soft
17 
informal : physically strong强壮的

a hard act to follow

— see follow

a hard nut (to crack)

— see nut

a hard row to hoe

— see 1row

between a rock and a hard place

— see 2rock

drive a hard bargain

— see 1bargain

give (someone) a hard time

: to criticize or annoy someone批评；使烦恼；使恼怒

hard feelings

1 
◊ If you have hard feelings, you feel dislike or anger toward someone who you think has mistreated you.（对苛待你的人感到的）气愤，反感
2 
◊ The phrase no hard feelings is used in speech to say that you are not upset or to ask if someone else is upset.用于口语）不生气，不介意

hard knocks

— see 2knock

hard of hearing

: not able to hear well有点耳聋的

hard on

1 
a  : causing damage or strain to (something)（对某事物）造成损害；有害于
b  : causing stress or worry to (someone)（对某人）造成压力；使焦愁
2 
: treating or judging (someone) in a harsh or critical way严厉；苛刻

hard up

informal
1 
: lacking money缺钱的；拮据的
2 
: having not enough of something缺乏的；不足的 — + for

have a hard time

◊ If you have a hard time doing something or with something, it is difficult for you.处于（做某事的）困难时期

play hard to get

— see 1play

the hard way

: in a way that involves difficult or painful experiences艰难地
2 hard /ˈhɑɚd/ adverb
harder; hardest
2 hard
/ˈhɑɚd/
adverb
harder; hardest
Learner's definition of HARD
1 
: with a lot of effort or energy努力地；勤劳地
◊ If you are hard at work (on something) you are doing work with a lot of effort and energy.努力工作；认真工作
2 
: in a very forceful way用力地；猛烈地
: in a loud and forceful way大声有力地
◊ If you are hit hard or hard hit by something or if something hits you hard, it affects you powerfully in a very painful or shocking way.（使）遭受沉重打击
◊ If you take something hard you are very upset or hurt by it.感到很伤心；很难过
3 
a  : in a very direct and intense way直盯盯地；径直地
b  : in an extreme or complete way彻底地；完全地

die hard

— see 1die

hard by

old-fashioned
: next to紧邻；在…近旁

hard done by

British
: treated harshly or unfairly受到恶劣对待；遭受不公平对待

hard on the heels of

— see 1heel
IELTS BNC: 573 COCA: 438

hard

1 of 2

adjective

ˈhärd How to pronounce hard (audio)
harder; hardest
1
a
: not easily penetrated : not easily yielding to pressure
hard surfaces
an uncomfortably hard chair
b
of cheese : not capable of being spread : very firm
2
a(1)
of wine or beer : having a bitter or acidic taste
(2)
: having a high concentration of alcohol
hard spirits like vodka and whiskey
b
of beverages : containing alcohol
hard seltzer/lemonade/cider
c
: characterized by the presence of salts (as of calcium or magnesium) that prevent soap from lathering
hard water
3
a
: of or relating to radiation of relatively high penetrating power : having high energy
hard X-rays
b
: having or producing relatively great photographic contrast
a hard negative
4
a
: metallic as distinct from paper
hard money
b
of currency : convertible into gold : stable in value
c
: usable as currency
paid in hard cash
d
of currency : readily acceptable in international trade
e
: being high and unlikely to change
hard prices
5
a
: firmly and closely twisted
hard yarns
b
of fabrics : having a smooth close napless finish
a hard worsted
6
a
: physically fit
in good hard condition
b
: resistant to stress or disease : hardy
a hard plant
c
: free of weakness : unyielding
a man of hard unbending will
7
a(1)
: firm, definite
reached a hard agreement
(2)
: not speculative or conjectural : factual
hard evidence
(3)
: important or informative rather than sensational or entertaining
hard news
(4)
: expressed in a clear and decisive way : leaving no doubt
Offers to install an electric door opener at her own expense were met with a hard no from the garage landlords, whose old-fashioned sensibilities dictated that their tenants use multiple manual locks to secure the space. Ronnie Koenig
The editor [Gene Policinski] said he told Ashe that "USA Today does not print unconfirmed stories from unattributed sources, but in the absence of a hard denial, or confirmation, the information seemed credible and we would continue to pursue the story." William C. Rhoden
see also hard pass
b
: close, searching
gave a hard look
c
: free from sentimentality or illusion : realistic
good hard sense
d
: unlikely to respond in a kind or sympathetic way : unfeeling
a hard heart
8
a(1)
: difficult to bear or endure
hard luck
hard times
(2)
: oppressive, inequitable
sales taxes are hard on the poor
a hard restriction
b(1)
: lacking consideration, compassion, or gentleness : callous
a hard greedy landlord
(2)
: incapable of being corrected or disciplined : tough, unruly
a hard gang
c(1)
: harsh, severe, or offensive in tendency or effect
said some hard things
(2)
: marked by resentment
hard feelings
(3)
: strict, unrelenting
drives a hard bargain
d
: inflicting physical discomfort or hardship : inclement
hard winter
e(1)
: intense in force, manner, or degree
hard blows
(2)
: demanding the exertion of energy : calling for stamina and endurance
hard work
(3)
: performing or carrying on with great energy, intensity, or persistence
a hard worker
f
: most unyielding or thoroughgoing
the hard political right
9
a
: characterized by sharp or harsh outline, rigid execution, and stiff drawing
hard forms
b
: sharply defined : stark
hard shadows
c
: lacking in shading, delicacy, or resonance
hard singing tones
d
: sounding as in candy and geese respectively
—used of c and g
the word arc is pronounced with a hard c
e
: suggestive of toughness or insensitivity
hard eyes
10
a(1)
: difficult to accomplish or resolve : troublesome
hard problems
The true story was hard to come by.
(2)
: difficult to comprehend or explain
a hard concept
b
: having difficulty in doing something
hard of hearing
c
: difficult to magnetize or demagnetize
11
: being at once addictive and gravely detrimental to health
such hard drugs as heroin
12
: resistant to biodegradation
hard detergents
hard pesticides such as DDT
13
: being, schooled in, or using the methods of the natural sciences and especially of the physical sciences
a hard scientist
14
of money : contributed (as by individuals or political action committees) directly to a particular candidate or campaign

hard

2 of 2

adverb

1
a
: with great or utmost effort or energy : strenuously
were hard at work
b
: in a violent manner : fiercely
hit the ball hard
The wind was blowing hard.
c
: to the full extent
—usually used in nautical directions
steer hard aport
d
: to an immoderate degree
been drinking hard lately
e
: in a searching, close, or concentrated manner
stared hard at me
2
a
: in such a manner as to cause hardship, difficulty, or pain
The economic downturn has hit the poor especially hard.
b
: with rancor, bitterness, or grief
took the defeat hard
3
: in a firm manner : tightly
hold on hard
4
: to the point of hardness
frozen hard
5
: close in time or space
stands hard by the river

Synonyms

Adjective

Adverb

Choose the Right Synonym for hard

hard, difficult, arduous mean demanding great exertion or effort.

hard implies the opposite of all that is easy.

farming is hard work

difficult implies the presence of obstacles to be surmounted or puzzles to be resolved and suggests the need of skill or courage.

the difficult ascent of the mountain

arduous stresses the need of laborious and persevering exertion.

the arduous task of rebuilding

Example Sentences

Adjective She was asked a lot of hard questions. We're going to have to make some hard choices. It was very hard to find a replacement for her. Their story is hard to believe. It's hard not to worry about her. It's hard to tell what she's thinking. He has learned a hard lesson. His health has suffered from years of hard living. This old bicycle has obviously gotten some hard use. Adverb You have to work hard in order to succeed. I know how hard she tried. She ran as hard as she could. We've thought long and hard about this problem. He hit the ball hard. The ball hit him hard on the wrist. He pressed his nose hard against the window. She pushed hard against the door, but it wouldn't open. The wind was blowing hard. The snow came down hard. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
Stec talked a lot about forgiveness, and that can be hard in families. Terry Pluto, cleveland, 17 Sep. 2022 She's been hard at work with her mother, Martha Kiefer, to open up shop ahead of Halloween. Rae Johnson, The Courier-Journal, 17 Sep. 2022 This creates a departure from most sugarcane agriculture, which is often hard on the environment. Susannah Skiver Barton, Bon Appétit, 16 Sep. 2022 The couple purchased the truck in October 2020 and have been hard at work since. Wendy Grossman Kantor, Peoplemag, 16 Sep. 2022 Earlier Friday, Patrick and Polly Toomey were hard at work at their waterside cafe in Edgartown, Among the Flowers preparing breakfast for the migrants. Samantha J. Gross, BostonGlobe.com, 16 Sep. 2022 Reaching high shelves was hard; putting on deodorant was worse. Katherine J. Wu, The Atlantic, 15 Sep. 2022 Evaluating this charge is hard, because Baker and Glasser rarely cite their own interviews and never say when any of them were conducted. Jacob S. Hacker, Washington Post, 14 Sep. 2022 Everyone knows Steph Curry is hard to stop on the court. Dana Scott, USA TODAY, 14 Sep. 2022
Adverb
Evernorth boasts that plans covering 20 million people use a solution from the formulary, and with a glut of hard-to-distinguish digital tools on offer, getting Evernorth’s stamp of approval can be useful. Mario Aguilar, STAT, 16 Sep. 2022 The approach is known as CAR-T therapy, and it has been successfully used against some notoriously hard-to-treat cancers. WIRED, 16 Sep. 2022 House lawmakers approved a proposal to cement employment protections for hard-to-fire federal workers, seeking to counter a move by former President Donald Trump to weaken their job security. Katy Stech Ferek, WSJ, 15 Sep. 2022 But to work so hard at bringing back an age-old process to honor the dead gently and naturally and not be able to see it all the way through burial didn't make sense to them. Madeline Heim, Journal Sentinel, 15 Sep. 2022 While Thatcher was regarded then and now as a conviction politician who embodied her beliefs, Truss has been accused of being a political chameleon, flip-flopping on major policies and criticized for lacking hard-and-fast principles. Patrick Smith, NBC News, 6 Sep. 2022 Casey's historic moonshining past is shown in aged black and white pictures of stills in remote, hard-to-reach locations and revenuers chopping up stills with axes to prevent reuse. courier-journal.com, 6 Sep. 2022 The chips in a PS4 contain a vast array of harmful and/or hard-to-source minerals. Daniel Starkey, Ars Technica, 4 Sep. 2022 Testers found the round mop head to be effective at getting into hard-to-reach spots under and around furniture. Maya Polton, Better Homes & Gardens, 1 Sep. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Adjective and Adverb

Middle English, from Old English heard; akin to Old High German hart hard, Greek kratos strength

First Known Use

Adjective

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Adverb

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of hard was before the 12th century

Phrases Containing hard

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IELTS BNC: 573 COCA: 438
hard

adjective¹

 1solid/stiff堅硬VERBS | ADVERB | PHRASES VERBS➤be, feel, look, seem堅固；感覺堅固；看上去堅實；好像結實◇The chairs felt hard and uncomfortable.這些椅子又硬又不舒服。➤become, go變得堅硬；硬起來◇Don't leave the cake uncovered or the icing will go hard.蛋糕得蓋上，否則上面的糖霜會變硬。➤stay保持堅硬ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極為／頗為／非常堅硬▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／稍微有些堅硬PHRASES➤rock hard堅如磐石◇The toffee was rock hard.這種太妃糖硬得像石頭。
hard

adjective²

 2difficult困難VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, look, seem困難；看上去費力；好像費力▸➤become, get變得艱難◇Life got very hard.生活變得非常艱難。➤make sth使⋯變得困難◇If you tell the children the answers, it only makes it harder for them to do the work on their own.你要是把答案告訴孩子們，只會讓他們更難獨立完成作業。➤find sth覺得⋯困難◇I found the exam quite hard.我覺得這次考試非常難。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／相當／非常困難▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／略微有些困難

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