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BNC: 208 COCA: 202

run

1 of 3

verb

ˈrən How to pronounce run (audio)
ran ˈran How to pronounce run (audio) also chiefly dialectal run; run; running

intransitive verb

1
a
: to go faster than a walk
specifically : to go steadily by springing steps so that both feet leave the ground for an instant in each step
b
of a horse : to move at a fast gallop
c
: flee, retreat, escape
dropped the gun and ran
d
: to utilize a running play on offense
—used of a football team
2
a
: to go without restraint : move freely about at will
let chickens run loose
b
: to keep company : consort
a ram running with ewes
ran with a wild crowd when he was young
c
: to sail before the wind in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled
d
: roam, rove
running about with no overcoat
3
a
: to go rapidly or hurriedly : hasten
run and fetch the doctor
b
: to go in urgency or distress : resort
runs to mother at every little difficulty
c
: to make a quick, easy, or casual trip or visit
ran over to borrow some sugar
4
a
: to contend in a race
b
: to enter into an election contest
will run for mayor
5
a
: to move on or as if on wheels : glide
file drawers running on ball bearings
b
: to roll forward rapidly or freely
c
: to pass or slide freely
a rope runs through the pulley
d
: to ravel lengthwise
stockings guaranteed not to run
6
: to sing or play a musical passage quickly
run up the scale
7
a
: to go back and forth : ply
the train runs between New York and Washington
b
of fish : to migrate or move in considerable numbers
especially : to move up or down a river to spawn
8
a
: turn, rotate
a swiftly running grindstone
b
: function, operate
the engine runs on gasoline
software that runs on her computer
9
a(1)
: to continue in force, operation, or production
the contract has two more years to run
the play ran for six months
(2)
: to have a specified duration, extent, or length
the manuscript runs nearly 500 pages
b
: to accompany as a valid obligation or right
a right-of-way that runs with the land
c
: to continue to accrue or become payable
interest on the loan runs from July 1
10
: to pass from one state to another
run into debt
11
a
: to flow rapidly or under pressure
b
: melt, fuse
c
: spread, dissolve
colors guaranteed not to run
d
: to discharge liquid (such as pus or serum)
a running sore
12
a
: to develop rapidly in some specific direction
especially : to throw out an elongated shoot of growth
b
: to tend to produce or develop a specified quality or feature
they run to big noses in that family
13
a
: to lie in or take a certain direction
the boundary line runs east
b
: to lie or extend in relation to something
c
: to go back : reach
d(1)
: to be in a certain form or expression
the letter runs as follows
(2)
: to be in a certain order of succession
14
a
: to occur persistently
musical talent runs in the family
b(1)
: to remain of a specified size, amount, character, or quality
profits were running high
(2)
: to have or maintain a relative position or condition (as in a race)
ran third
running late
c
: to exist or occur in a continuous range of variation
shades run from white to dark gray
15
a
: to spread or pass quickly from point to point
chills ran up her spine
b
: to be current : circulate
speculation ran rife

transitive verb

1
a
: to cause (an animal) to go rapidly : ride or drive fast
b
: to bring to a specified condition by or as if by running
ran himself to death
c
: to go in pursuit of : hunt, chase
dogs that run deer
d
: to follow the trail of backward : trace
ran the rumor to its source
e
: to enter, register, or enroll as a contestant in a race
f
: to put forward as a candidate for office
g
: to carry (the football) on a running play
2
a
: to drive (livestock) especially to a grazing place
b
: to provide pasturage for (livestock)
c
: to keep or maintain (livestock) on or as if on pasturage
3
a(1)
: to pass over or traverse with speed
(2)
: to run on or over in athletic competition
runs the bases well
run the floor
b
: to accomplish or perform by or as if by running
ran a great race
run errands
c
: to slip or go through or past
run a blockade
run a red light
d
: to travel on in a boat
run the rapids
4
a
: to cause to penetrate or enter : thrust
ran a splinter into her toe
b
: stitch
c
: to cause to pass : lead
run a wire in from the antenna
d
: to cause to collide
ran his head into a post
e
: smuggle
run guns
5
: to cause to pass lightly or quickly over, along, or into something
ran her eye down the list
6
a
: to cause or allow (a vehicle or a vessel) to go in a specified manner or direction
ran the car off the road
b
: operate
run a lathe
c
: to direct the business or activities of : manage, conduct
run a factory
d
: to employ or supervise in espionage
run an agent
7
a
: to be full of or drenched with
streets ran blood
b
: contain, assay
8
a
: to cause to move or flow in a specified way or into a specified position
run cards into a file
b
: to cause to produce a flow (as of water)
run the faucet
also : to prepare by running a faucet
run a hot bath
9
a
: to melt and cast in a mold
run bullets
b
: treat, process, refine
run oil in a still
run a problem through a computer
10
: to make oneself liable to : incur
ran the risk of discovery
11
: to mark out : draw
run a contour line on a map
12
a
: to permit (charges) to accumulate before settling
run a tab at the bar
—often used with up
ran up a large phone bill
b
: cost sense 1
rooms that run $50 a night
13
a
: to produce by or as if by printing
—usually used with off
ran off 10,000 copies of the first edition
b
: to carry in a printed medium : print
every newspaper ran the story
14
a
: to make (a series of counts) without a miss
run 19 in an inning in billiards
b
: to lead winning cards of (a suit) successively
c
: to alter by addition
ran his record to six wins and four losses
15
: to make (a golf ball) roll forward after alighting
16
baseball : to eject (a player, coach, or manager) from a game
Ron Luciano ran Weaver early in game one of a doubleheader in 1975, and then ran him again during the lineup meeting prior to the start of game two. Jeff Burd
Using Run in the Past Tense: Usage Guide

The past tense run still survives in speech in southern England and in the speech especially of older people in some parts of the U.S. It was formerly used in literature, and was a standard variant in our dictionaries from 1828 until 1934. Grammarians have generally opposed it, and many people consider it nonstandard. Just about everybody uses ran in writing now.

run

2 of 3

noun

1
a
: an act or the action of running : continued rapid movement
b
: a quickened gallop
c
: a migration of fish (as up or down a river) especially to spawn
also : such fish in the process of migration
d
: a running race
a mile run
e
: a score made in baseball by a runner reaching home plate safely
f
: strength or ability to run
g
: a gain of a usually specified distance made on a running play in football
scored on a 25-yard run
also : a running play
h
: a sustained usually aggressive effort (as to win or obtain something)
making a run at the championship
2
a
chiefly Midland US : creek sense 1
b
: something that flows in the course of an operation or during a particular time
the first run of sap in sugar maples
3
a
: the stern of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve or slope upward and inward
b
: the direction in which a vein of ore lies
c
: a direction of secondary or minor cleavage : grain
the run of a mass of granite
d
: a horizontal distance (such as that covered by a flight of steps)
e
: general tendency or direction
4
: a continuous period or series especially of things of identical or similar sort
a run of bad luck
: such as
a
: a rapid passage up or down a scale in vocal or instrumental music
b
: a number of rapid small dance steps executed in even tempo
c
: the act of making successively a number of successful shots or strokes
also : the score thus made
a run of 20 in billiards
d
: an unbroken course of performances or showings
a long run on Broadway
e
: a set of consecutive measurements, readings, or observations
f
: persistent and heavy demands from depositors, creditors, or customers
a run on a bank
g
: sequence sense 2b
5
: the quantity of work turned out in a continuous operation
a press run of 10,000 copies
6
: the usual or normal kind, character, type, or group
the average run of students
7
a
: the distance covered in a period of continuous traveling or sailing
b
: a course or trip especially if mapped out and traveled with regularity
c
: a news reporter's regular territory : beat
d
: freedom of movement in or access to a place or area
has the run of the house
8
a
: the period during which a machine or plant is in continuous operation
b
: the use of machinery for a single set of processing procedures
a computer run
9
a
: a way, track, or path frequented by animals
b
: an enclosure for domestic animals where they may feed or exercise
c Australia
(1)
: a large area of land used for grazing
a sheep run
(2)
: ranch, station
run-holder
d
: an inclined passageway
10
a
: an inclined course (as for skiing or bobsledding)
b
: a support (such as a track, pipe, or trough) on which something runs
11
a
: a ravel in a knitted fabric (as in hosiery) caused by the breaking of stitches
b
: a paint defect caused by excessive flow
12
runs plural in form but singular or plural in construction : diarrhea
—used with the
runless
ˈrən-ləs How to pronounce run (audio)
adjective

run

3 of 3

adjective

1
a
: being in a melted state
run butter
b
: made from molten material : cast in a mold
run metal
2
of fish : having made a migration or spawning run
a fresh run salmon
3
: exhausted or winded from running
Phrases
run across
: to meet with or discover by chance
run a fever or run a temperature
: to have a fever
run after
1
: pursue, chase
especially : to seek the company of
2
: to take up with : follow
run after new theories
run against
1
: to meet suddenly or unexpectedly
2
: to work or take effect unfavorably to : disfavor, oppose
run a tight ship
: to have strict and exacting standards in controlling or managing something (such as a business)
run by or run past
: to present to (as for evaluation)
ran some ideas by her
run circles around or run rings around
: to show marked superiority over : defeat decisively or overwhelmingly
run dry
1
: to use up an available supply
2
: to become exhausted or spent
his inspiration had run dry
run interference
: to provide assistance by or as if by clearing a path through obstructions
ran interference for me with the press
run into
1
a
: to change or transform into : become
b
: to merge with
c
: to mount up to
their yearly income often runs into six figures
2
a
: to collide with
b
: to meet by chance
ran into an old classmate the other day
run low on
: to approach running out of
running low on options
run one's mouth
: to talk excessively or foolishly
run riot
1
: to act wildly or without restraint
2
: to occur in profusion
daffodils running riot
run short
: to become insufficient
run short of
: to use up : run low on
run the numbers
: to perform calculations
run the table
1
: to sink all remaining shots without missing in pool
2
: to win all remaining contests
run to
: to mount up to
the book runs to 500 pages
run upon
: to run across : meet with
run with
1
: to use or exploit fully : make the most of
took the idea and ran with it
2
: to publicize widely
the press ran with the quote
on the run
1
: in haste : without pausing
ate lunch on the run
2
: in retreat : in flight (as from the law)
an escaped convict on the run
run for one's money
: a serious challenge to one's supremacy
is expected to give the incumbent a good run for his money

Synonyms

Verb

Noun

Example Sentences

Verb How fast can you run? He runs faster than anyone else on the team. She ran up the stairs to get her jacket. We ran for the train—but missed it. I heard her scream and ran to help. She ran to me for help. The dog ran away from me. The dog ran toward me. When I called the dog, he came running. Don't expect me to come running every time you want something. I'm not your servant. Noun He goes for a six-mile run every evening. She took the dogs out for a run. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Verb
When select items run low, families can get more of other foods of their choosing. Miriam Marini, Detroit Free Press, 15 Sep. 2022 For a driver whose championship run rested on those nine podiums and 12 top-5s, those three performances were vital. Nathan Brown, The Indianapolis Star, 15 Sep. 2022 The new policies—part of a expansive list of changes to how the department prosecutes companies that run afoul of the law—will be outlined in a memo to be issued by Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco on Thursday. Dylan Tokar And Dave Michaels, WSJ, 15 Sep. 2022 While fuzzy-style slippers can run the risk of making your feet a bit too hot, this pair mitigates that issue, with the open-toe design that allows for airflow while still cushioning your feet. Annie Burdick, Peoplemag, 15 Sep. 2022 What to look for: If the GlenOak boys run their full lineup, this meet should come down to GlenOak versus Jackson. Joe Magill, cleveland, 15 Sep. 2022 Homeowners elect board members to use their discretion and do their best to make good decisions about how the community is run. Gary Singer, Sun Sentinel, 15 Sep. 2022 Two of them were plays the Bengals usually run for Higgins. Charlie Goldsmith, The Enquirer, 14 Sep. 2022 Democrats who run state government celebrated Monday while announcing that tax-rebate checks totaling more than $1.2 billion had begun heading to 6 million taxpayers. From Usa Today Network And Wire Reports, USA TODAY, 14 Sep. 2022
Noun
Jiménez drew a walk to wrap up a six-pitch at-bat. Sheets fouled off five pitches after getting two strikes and completed a 10-pitch at-bat with the two-run homer to right, his 13th of the season. Lamond Pope, Chicago Tribune, 15 Sep. 2022 Aledmys Diaz hit a two-run homer, Lance McCullers Jr. had a solid start and the Houston Astros beat the Oakland Athletics 5-2 on Thursday night for their fifth straight victory. Sarah Ravani, San Francisco Chronicle, 15 Sep. 2022 Arizona Diamondbacks shortstop Sergio Alcántara ended it instead, hammering a walk-off three-run homer to give the Diamondbacks a 5-3 win. Los Angeles Times, 15 Sep. 2022 The couple went on the run after the April 29 escape. Chris Harris, Peoplemag, 15 Sep. 2022 Cruz, who didn’t even foul a ball in his three at-bats against Lodolo, hit a two-run homer in the eighth inning off reliever Joel Kuhnel. The Enquirer, 14 Sep. 2022 Mickey Moniak hit a two-run homer for the Angels, and Mike Trout had an RBI single in their fourth straight loss. Brian Dulik, ajc, 14 Sep. 2022 Breathless, which stars Jean-Paul Belmondo and American actress Jean Seberg, follows a thief who goes on the run with his girlfriend after shooting a police officer. Brigit Katz, Smithsonian Magazine, 14 Sep. 2022 On Saturday night, Amed Rosario hit a two-run homer in the first inning in a 6-5 win. Paul Hoynes, cleveland, 12 Sep. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Verb

Middle English ronnen, alteration of rinnen, intransitive verb (from Old English iernan, rinnan & Old Norse rinna) & of rennen, transitive verb, from Old Norse renna; akin to Old High German rinnan, intransitive verb, "to run," Sanskrit riṇāti "he causes to flow," and probably to Latin rivus "stream"

First Known Use

Verb

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1a

Noun

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Adjective

1685, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of run was before the 12th century

Phrases Containing run

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