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Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

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before

¹ before /bɪˈfoɚ/ adverb

¹ before

/bɪˈfoɚ/

adverb

Learner's definition of BEFORE

: at an earlier time以前；过去

Haven't we met before?我们以前没见过吗？
the night/day before前一晚/天
I've never seen her so happy before. [=I've never seen her as happy as she is now]我之前从未见过她如此高兴。
We haven't had these problems before.我们以前从未碰到过这些问题。
Everything is just as (it was) before.一切如故。

formal + old-fashioned : to or toward the place where someone is going : in advance向前；在前边

marching on before [=ahead]向前行进

² before /bɪˈfoɚ/ preposition

² before

/bɪˈfoɚ/

preposition

Learner's definition of BEFORE

a : at a time preceding (something or someone) : earlier than (something or someone)（时间）在…之前，早于

We arrived shortly before six o'clock.我们快到六点时到达的。
before dinner晚饭前
He left just before sunrise.他刚好在天亮之前离开了。
I've never seen her so happy before now.我之前从未见过她如此高兴。
Call me before your arrival.你快到时给我打电话吧。
She arrived the day before yesterday.她是前天到的。
Why haven't you ever helped me before now/this?你在此之前怎么从来没有帮助过我呢？
I finished the exam before him. [=before he finished the exam]我比他先考完试。
You can go before me. [=before I go]你可以比我早走。
He's an electrician, like his father before him. [=his father was also an electrician]他是电工，他父亲以前也是电工。
They earned 50,000 dollars before (paying) taxes.他们的税前收入是5万美元。

b US — used to describe a time earlier than a specified hour在（某个钟点）之前

It's 20 (minutes) before 12. [=it's 20 of/to 12; it's 11:40]差20分12点。

: preceding (something or someone) in order or in a series（次序）在…之前，先于

Your name is listed before mine.你的名字排在我之前。
You'll see my house just before the bank and after the school.你会看到我家就在银行前面，学校后面。
The number 2 comes before 3 and after 1. [=2 comes between 1 and 3]数字2在3和1之间。

a : in front of (someone or something)（位置）在…前面，在…面前

The Great Plains stretched endlessly before them.一望无际的大平原在他们面前延展开来。
The championship fight took place before a crowd of thousands.冠军争夺战在成千上万的观众面前打响了。

: in the presence of (someone)当着（某人）的面

The defendant stood up before the judge.被告在法官面前站了起来。

— see also (right) before/in front of your (very) eyes at ¹eye

b : being considered by (someone or something)由…考虑中

The case before the court involves a robbery.法庭正在审理的是一宗抢劫案。
the candidates before the voters选民可选的候选人
I have a proposal to put before [=to] the board.我有个提案供董事会考虑。
The question before us is this: did he fall or was he pushed?我们要弄清的问题是：他是自己摔倒的，还是被人推倒的？

c : in the future for (someone) : ahead of (someone)等待着…；面临着…

They had no idea of the ordeal that lay before them.他们完全没有预想到即将面临的这场磨难。

a : in a higher or more important position than (something)（重要性）优于，在…之前

They put quantity before [=above] quality. [=they cared more about quantity than about quality]他们重数量轻质量。

b : rather or sooner than（宁可…而）不愿…

He vowed that he would choose death before dishonor. [=he would rather die than be dishonored]他发誓说宁愿死也不肯蒙羞。

formal : under the force of (something)在…影响下；在…威慑下

The tree fell before the force of the wind. [=the force of the wind caused the tree to fall]树被大风刮倒了。

³ before /bɪˈfoɚ/ conjunction

³ before

/bɪˈfoɚ/

conjunction

Learner's definition of BEFORE

a : earlier than the time that : earlier than when（时间）在…之前，早于

He left long before morning came.他早在黎明之前就离开了。
The judge stood up before the defendant did. [=the defendant stood up after the judge did]法官先于被告站了起来。
Say goodbye before you go.你临走之前告个别吧。
Call me before you arrive.你抵达前给我打个电话吧。
Before [=until] she met him she had never been so happy.在遇见他以前，她从未如此快乐过。
I finished the exam before he did.我比他先考完试。
It was/happened not long before he arrived.此事发生在他到达前不久。
He left before I could thank him. [=I wasn't able to thank him because he left too soon]我还没来得及谢他，他就走了。
I'll resign before I give in! [=I would rather resign than give in]我宁可辞职也不愿屈从。

— see also before you know it at ¹know

b : until the time that到…之前；到…为止

It did not take long before he had earned their trust. [=he earned their trust quickly]他很快就赢得了他们的信任。
“I have promises to keep and miles to go before I sleep…”“但我还要守一些诺言，还要赶多少路才安眠…”
Robert Frost, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” (1923)罗伯特·弗罗斯特，《雪夜林畔小驻》(1923)

a — used to refer to something that might happen以免；不然

Get out of there before you get dirty! [=get out of there because you will/might get dirty if you don't]离开那里，以免弄一身脏！
Before I forget, will you give me your telephone number? [=I'm asking for your telephone number now because I might forget to do it later]趁我还记得，把你的电话号码给我可以吗？

b — used to say that one thing must happen for another thing to happen or be possible（先…）才…

He must be convicted before he can be removed from office.必须先证明他有罪才能将他撤职。
You must have completed an introductory class before you can take an advanced class.你必须先修完入门课才能上高级班。

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