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plural pneumas or pneumata ˈnü-mə-tə 
ˈnyü-
3
in Stoicism : a mixture of air and fire held to be the divine organizing principle of the universe
Of the four elements, the Stoics identify two as active (fire and air) and two as passive (water and earth). The active elements, or at least the principles of hot and cold, combine to form breath or pneuma. Pneuma, in turn, is the 'sustaining cause' … of all existing bodies and guides the growth and development of animate bodies.
Dirk Baltzly
Dirk BaltzlyThe distinctive contribution of Stoicism, at any rate by the time of Chrysippus, was to extend the explanatory role of pneuma beyond individual animal life, and to make it the vital power of the world as a whole. … Pneuma is the vehicle of the divine 'reason' (logos) which pervades and governs the entire world … David Sedley
David Sedley
Word History
Etymology
Greek
First Known Use
1559, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Time Traveler
The first known use of pneuma was in 1559 👨🏻🏫 Mr. Ng 韋氏詞典 📚 – mw.mister5️⃣.net
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