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temper
11 ENTRIES FOUND:
plural tempers
plural tempers
Learner's definition of TEMPER
1
a [count] : the tendency of someone to become angry（易怒的）脾气，性情 — see also short temper
- She has a bad/hot/quick/terrible/violent temper.她性情不好/暴躁/急躁/糟糕/暴戾。
- That boy has quite a temper.那个男孩儿脾气不小。
- He needs to learn to control his temper.他得学会控制自己的脾气。
- Tempers flared [=people became angry] and a fight broke out.人们火气蹿了上来，打起了架。
- After months of delays, tempers began to fray. [=people began to get angry]数月拖延之后，人们开始冒火了。
b : a state of being angry怒气；火气
[noncount]
- She hit him in a fit of temper.她一怒之下打了他。
[singular]
- He slammed the door and left in a temper.他怒气冲冲地摔门而去。
2
[count] : calmness of mind : composure沉着；冷静
- I lost my temper [=got angry] (with him) and yelled at him.我一下子就火了，冲他大嚷起来。
- It's often difficult for parents not to lose their tempers.家长们往往难以做到不发脾气。
- He was upset but kept his temper. [=remained calm; did not become angry, begin shouting, etc.]他很烦躁，但还是按捺住了性子没发脾气。
3
[singular]
a : the way that a person is feeling at a particular time : mood心情；心境；情绪
- He is in a pleasant/foul temper.他心情愉快/不快。
b : the usual attitude, mood, or behavior of a person or animal（人或动物的）性格，性情，气性 — see also tempered
- a dog with a good/bad temper [=temperament, disposition]气性好/不好的狗
- She has an even temper. [=she does not easily become angry, upset, etc.]她性情平和。
4
[noncount] formal : the ideas, attitudes, etc., that a group of people have especially during a particular period of time（时代的）气息，特征
- Her novels capture the temper of the times.她的小说抓住了时代的气息。
2 temper /ˈtɛmpɚ/ verb
tempers; tempered; tempering
2 temper
/ˈtɛmpɚ/
verb
tempers; tempered; tempering
Learner's definition of TEMPER
[+ object]
1
formal : to make (something) less severe or extreme使…缓和；使…温和 — often + with or by — often used as (be) tempered常用作(be) tempered
- Higher interest rates have tempered [=lessened] the demand for new houses.高利率缓和了对新住宅的购买需求。
- He tempered his criticism with a few words of encouragement. = He tempered his criticism by adding a few words of encouragement.他又说了几句鼓励的话，缓和一下自己的批评口气。
- He believes in justice tempered with mercy.他认为法外尚需施恩。
2
technical : to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to become hard or strong by heating it and cooling it使（金属）回火 — see also tempered
- The steel/glass must be properly tempered.这种钢材/玻璃必须适当回火。
1
a
: heat of mind or emotion : proneness to anger : passion
b
: calmness of mind : composure
c
: state of feeling or frame of mind at a particular time usually dominated by a single strong emotion
d
: a characteristic cast of mind or state of feeling : disposition
3
a
: the state of a substance with respect to certain desired qualities (such as hardness, elasticity, or workability)
especially : the degree of hardness or resiliency given steel by tempering
b
: the feel and relative solidity of leather
tempered; tempering ˈtem-p(ə-)riŋ 
2
a
: to anneal or toughen (glass) by a process of gradually heating and cooling
b(1)
: to harden (a material, such as steel) by reheating and cooling in oil
(2)
: to soften (a material, such as hardened steel or cast iron) by reheating at a lower temperature
4
: to bring to a suitable state by mixing in or adding a usually liquid ingredient: such as
a
: to mix (clay) with water or a modifier (such as grog) and knead to a uniform texture
b
: to mix oil with (colors) in making paint ready for use
5
a
: to put in tune with something : attune
b
: to adjust the pitch of (a note, chord, or instrument) to a temperament
Did you know?
Mix Things Up With the Meaning of Temper
The temper root keeps its basic meaning—"to mix" or "to keep within limits"—in the English word temper. When you temper something, you mix it with some balancing quality or substance so as to avoid anything extreme. Thus, it's often said that a judge must temper justice with mercy. Young people only gradually learn to temper their natural enthusiasms with caution. And in dealing with others, we all try to temper our honesty with sensitivity.
Synonyms
Example Sentences
Noun She has a bad temper. That boy has quite a temper. He needs to learn to control his temper. She hit him in a fit of temper. He slammed the door and left in a temper. It's often difficult for parents not to lose their tempers. He is in a pleasant temper. Verb The steel must be properly tempered. See More
Recent Examples on the Web
Carolyn Hax, Washington Post, 1 July 2022 His dad has a temper when drunk, and there are all these mysterious disappearances. New York Times, 20 June 2022 More important, though, is that Nixon, who was known to have a temper, doesn’t get angry. Timothy Noah, The New Republic, 17 June 2022 The story that Trump has a volcanically bad temper and is abusive to staff and doesn’t understand or care about policy is something that has been very, very well fleshed out over the years, to put it mildly. Isaac Chotiner, The New Yorker, 5 May 2022 Thanks to post-traumatic stress disorder, Parsons had a hair-trigger temper and didn’t want to be around people. Will Yakowicz, Forbes, 17 Apr. 2022 Colin Firth is uncanny as Peterson, mimicking his avuncular bonhomie, and hinting at the stormy temper and dangerous narcissism that lurks beneath it. Taylor Antrim, Vogue, 5 May 2022 Far-right politicians and media outlets stoked and sharpened the growing anti-immigrant temper, portraying Europe as on the brink of being overrun by foreign hordes. New York Times, 2 Mar. 2022 The short temper would lead to mood swings, not unlike the explosive fit where George Bailey destroys part of the family living room, said Matzen. Rachael Scott, CNN, 25 Dec. 2021 Emily Rauhala, Washington Post, 9 Sep. 2022 Sure, it could be seen as a passionate call to action, giving audiences a taste of resistance, but the screenwriters — Gavras, Ly and Elias Belkeddar — temper that catharsis with a strong sense of caution. Peter Debruge, Variety, 2 Sep. 2022 The dwarves anchor it and temper some of the show’s more pompous instincts. Sydney Odman, The Hollywood Reporter, 31 Aug. 2022 Ultimately though, Volberg said to temper expectations for what sports betting will bring. Simon J. Levien, BostonGlobe.com, 14 Aug. 2022 Washington, over Israel’s objections, expressed its support for the text, but Tehran has sought to temper expectations. Shira Rubin, Washington Post, 13 Aug. 2022 Saudi officials have sought to temper expectations, reiterating that the kingdom would do what is needed to balance the market if there is a shortage of supply. Benoit Faucon, WSJ, 3 Aug. 2022 The goal is to slow the U.S. economy to help temper the impact from inflation. CBS News, 1 Aug. 2022 There is some evidence that supply chain bottlenecks are beginning to ease, and the Federal Reserve is expected to act in the coming months to temper inflation with higher interest rates. Jeff Stein And Evan Halper, Anchorage Daily News, 12 Apr. 2022 See More
Noun
My husband took it upon himself to help discipline all the kids and tended to have a temper and be harsh. Carolyn Hax, Washington Post, 1 July 2022 His dad has a temper when drunk, and there are all these mysterious disappearances. New York Times, 20 June 2022 More important, though, is that Nixon, who was known to have a temper, doesn’t get angry. Timothy Noah, The New Republic, 17 June 2022 The story that Trump has a volcanically bad temper and is abusive to staff and doesn’t understand or care about policy is something that has been very, very well fleshed out over the years, to put it mildly. Isaac Chotiner, The New Yorker, 5 May 2022 Thanks to post-traumatic stress disorder, Parsons had a hair-trigger temper and didn’t want to be around people. Will Yakowicz, Forbes, 17 Apr. 2022 Colin Firth is uncanny as Peterson, mimicking his avuncular bonhomie, and hinting at the stormy temper and dangerous narcissism that lurks beneath it. Taylor Antrim, Vogue, 5 May 2022 Far-right politicians and media outlets stoked and sharpened the growing anti-immigrant temper, portraying Europe as on the brink of being overrun by foreign hordes. New York Times, 2 Mar. 2022 The short temper would lead to mood swings, not unlike the explosive fit where George Bailey destroys part of the family living room, said Matzen. Rachael Scott, CNN, 25 Dec. 2021 Verb
Blinken cited steps the Biden administration had taken to temper energy prices at home and abroad, including authorizing a major release from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and redirecting natural gas toward Europe. Emily Rauhala, Washington Post, 9 Sep. 2022 Sure, it could be seen as a passionate call to action, giving audiences a taste of resistance, but the screenwriters — Gavras, Ly and Elias Belkeddar — temper that catharsis with a strong sense of caution. Peter Debruge, Variety, 2 Sep. 2022 The dwarves anchor it and temper some of the show’s more pompous instincts. Sydney Odman, The Hollywood Reporter, 31 Aug. 2022 Ultimately though, Volberg said to temper expectations for what sports betting will bring. Simon J. Levien, BostonGlobe.com, 14 Aug. 2022 Washington, over Israel’s objections, expressed its support for the text, but Tehran has sought to temper expectations. Shira Rubin, Washington Post, 13 Aug. 2022 Saudi officials have sought to temper expectations, reiterating that the kingdom would do what is needed to balance the market if there is a shortage of supply. Benoit Faucon, WSJ, 3 Aug. 2022 The goal is to slow the U.S. economy to help temper the impact from inflation. CBS News, 1 Aug. 2022 There is some evidence that supply chain bottlenecks are beginning to ease, and the Federal Reserve is expected to act in the coming months to temper inflation with higher interest rates. Jeff Stein And Evan Halper, Anchorage Daily News, 12 Apr. 2022 See More Word History
Etymology
Noun
Middle English tempure, tempyr, temper "moderation, mixture of things in proper proportion, mental state," probably noun derivative of tempren, temperen "to mix with, soften, moderate" — more at temper entry 2
Verb
Middle English tempren, temperen "to be mixed with, mix with, soften, moderate, regulate, tune," in part going back to Old English temprian "to mix with, moderate," borrowed from Latin temperāre "to exercise moderation, restrain oneself, moderate, bring to a proper strength or consistency by mixing, maintain in a state of balance," perhaps derivative of temper-, variant stem of tempor-, tempus "period of time"; in part borrowed from Anglo-French temprer, tremper, going back to Latin temperāre — more at tempo
Note: The derivation of temperāre from temper- and hence tempus is based on the hypothesis that the original meaning of the noun was "extent, measure"; however, it is not entirely certain that the meanings "to restrain" or "to bring to a suitable state by mixing" (whichever might be the original meaning of temperāre) are consonant with the idea of measuring.
First Known Use
Noun
14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2c
Verb
before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Time Traveler
The first known use of temper was before the 12th century Phrases Containing temper
noun¹
noun²
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