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incur

verb

in·​cur in-ˈkər How to pronounce incur (audio)
incurred; incurring

transitive verb

: to become liable or subject to : bring down upon oneself
incur expenses

Did you know?

Incur vs. Occur

Incur bears a strong family resemblance to another English verb, occur. If you are confused by their similarities, a glance back at their Latin roots might help you to tell them apart.

Both words have a common root in Latin currere, meaning “to run.” In the case of incur, currere was combined with Latin in “into,” which produced the meaning “to run into.” In English, the one who incurs, or “runs into,” is most often a person and the thing incurred is usually some self-inflicted negative consequence (such as a debt or somebody’s foul temper). The ancestor of occur, by contrast, paired Latin ob “in the way” with currere, producing the basic meaning “to run in the way of,” or “to present itself.” In English, the verb came to apply strictly to events, things, or ideas; something (such as a tornado) that occurs, or “presents itself,” appears or happens; a thought that occurs, or “presents itself” to someone, comes into that person’s mind.

To summarize: a person (or something composed of people, like a company) incurs, or becomes subject to, something negative; something occurs, or happens, or an idea occurs to, or comes into the mind of, someone.

Example Sentences

Submitting students to the rigors of learning seemed only to incur the wrath of many of them … Ben Marcus, Time, 8 Jan. 2001 Shakespeare … took plots and characters from wherever he pleased, rarely acknowledging sources, and he saw so little sanctity in his own words that anyone could print them who cared to incur the expense—which did not include royalties to Shakespeare. Walter Kendrick, New York Times Book Review, 29 Oct. 1989 To be too good-looking is sometimes to incur the dislike, if not the hatred, of the ordinary-looking. Joseph Epstein, The Middle of My Tether, 1983 What did he do to incur such wrath?
Recent Examples on the Web Donovan said quickly deleting problematic tweets is a common way for disinformation sowers to make an impact with a broad online audience but then incur a lesser penalty from Twitter. Taylor Lorenz, Elizabeth Dwoskin And Peter Jamison, Anchorage Daily News, 3 Sep. 2022 Donovan said quickly deleting problematic tweets is a common way for disinformation sowers to make an impact with a broad online audience but then incur a lesser penalty from Twitter. Peter Jamison, Washington Post, 2 Sep. 2022 Baltimore City Schools spokeswoman Sherry Christian said police incur overtime for a variety of reasons without naming any. Lee O. Sanderlin And Lillian Reed, Baltimore Sun, 31 Aug. 2022 Weller was sent home and told to wait for her baby to die or for Weller to incur an infection, putting her life and ability to have future children at risk. Ariana Garcia, Chron, 25 Aug. 2022 The costs developers incur fighting regulatory and court challenges can be enough to spur some to abandon projects, said Chris Treanor, a lawyer at Akin Gump who advises natural-gas producers. Benoît Morenne, WSJ, 20 Aug. 2022 Locals tend to view the students as full-fledged doctors — and that leads to situations in which the newcomers can incur wrath of the community when a patient can’t be saved. Los Angeles Times, 21 July 2022 Growing even one marijuana plant can land the offender in prison for up to five years and incur a $25,000 fine, according to the Asbury Park Press. Jane Thier, Fortune, 21 Apr. 2022 Graduates who incur high amounts of interest during this period of inflation will have more to pay off in the long run. Vicky Spratt, refinery29.com, 19 Apr. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

Middle English incurren, from Latin incurrere, literally, to run into, from in- + currere to run — more at car

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of incur was in the 15th century

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