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harden

verb

hard·​en ˈhär-dᵊn How to pronounce harden (audio)
hardened; hardening ˈhärd-niŋ How to pronounce harden (audio)
ˈhär-dᵊn-iŋ

transitive verb

1
: to make hard or harder
2
: to confirm in disposition, feelings, or action
especially : to make callous
hardened his heart
3
a
: inure, toughen
harden troops
b
: to inure to unfavorable environmental conditions (such as cold)
often used with off
harden off seedlings before transplanting
4
: to protect from blast, heat, or radiation (as by a thick barrier or placement underground)

intransitive verb

1
: to become hard or harder
2
a
: to become firm, stable, or settled
b
: to assume an appearance of harshness or severity
her face hardened at the thought
3
: to become gradually acclimatized to unfavorable conditions
often used with off
plants hardened off before the first frost

Example Sentences

The presence of certain substances in the blood can cause the arteries to harden. These additives are designed to harden the steel. substances that can harden the arteries The news has hardened opposition to the government. He had been hardened by his years of military service.
Recent Examples on the Web Writers seem to be especially vulnerable in polarized times when beliefs harden into dogma and those who hold opposing views are demonized. Jonathan Bate, The Conversation, 26 Aug. 2022 Soy candles usually need at least 4 hours to solidify, but the wax in a large vessel like a bucket requires at least 24 hours to settle and harden. Averi Baudler, Better Homes & Gardens, 12 Aug. 2022 This week, Newsom also urged California lawmakers to harden the state’s climate and energy goals. Amy Hubbard, Los Angeles Times, 13 Aug. 2022 Now is the time for CPOs to harden their processes and gird their teams for the next seismic shift. Richard Waugh, Forbes, 12 Aug. 2022 Now, the revelation that the Taliban were sheltering Al Qaeda’s leader is likely to harden support for sanctions. New York Times, 2 Aug. 2022 Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao's comments on Monday were not the only sign that Beijing is watching the election, the outcome of which has the potential to further harden the British line on China. Simone Mccarthy, CNN, 26 July 2022 Russian forces have now occupied the Kherson region for nearly five months and have been largely unmolested in their efforts to harden military positions and prepare for an assault. Michael Schwirtz, BostonGlobe.com, 25 July 2022 In Indian Territory, what had been a set of highly varied, sometimes kin-adjacent forms of enslavement began to harden, and Indian attitudes and practices edged closer to those of white Americans. Philip Deloria, The New Yorker, 18 July 2022 See More

Word History

First Known Use

13th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of harden was in the 13th century

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