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abrupt

adjective

ə-ˈbrəpt How to pronounce abrupt (audio)
1
a
: characterized by or involving action or change without preparation or warning : sudden and unexpected
came to an abrupt stop
an abrupt turn
an abrupt decision to retire
b
: rudely or unceremoniously curt
She has an abrupt manner.
an abrupt reply
c
: lacking smoothness or continuity
an abrupt transition
2
: giving the impression of being cut or broken off
especially : involving a sudden steep rise or drop
abrupt hills
a high abrupt bank bounded the stream
abruptness
ə-ˈbrəp(t)-nəs How to pronounce abrupt (audio)
noun

Did you know?

We'll break it to you gently: abrupt derives from abruptus, the past participle of the Latin verb abrumpere, meaning "to break off." Abrumpere combines the prefix ab- with rumpere, which means "to break" and which forms the basis for several other words in English that suggest a kind of breaking, such as interrupt, rupture, and bankrupt. Whether being used to describe a style of speaking that seems rudely short (as in "gave an abrupt answer"), something with a severe rise or drop ("abrupt temperature change"), or something that seems rash and unprecipitated ("made the abrupt decision to quit college"), abrupt, which first appeared in English in the 16th century, implies a kind of jarring unexpectedness that catches people off guard.

Synonyms

Choose the Right Synonym for abrupt

precipitate, headlong, abrupt, impetuous, sudden mean showing undue haste or unexpectedness.

precipitate stresses lack of due deliberation and implies prematureness of action.

the army's precipitate withdrawal

headlong stresses rashness and lack of forethought.

a headlong flight from arrest

abrupt stresses curtness and a lack of warning or ceremony.

an abrupt refusal

impetuous stresses extreme impatience or impulsiveness.

an impetuous lover proposing marriage

sudden stresses unexpectedness and sharpness or violence of action.

flew into a sudden rage

steep, abrupt, precipitous, sheer mean having an incline approaching the perpendicular.

steep implies such sharpness of pitch that ascent or descent is very difficult.

a steep hill
a steep dive

abrupt implies a sharper pitch and a sudden break in the level.

a beach with an abrupt drop-off

precipitous applies to an incline approaching the vertical.

the river winds through a precipitous gorge

sheer suggests an unbroken perpendicular expanse.

sheer cliffs that daunted the climbers

Example Sentences

There was an abrupt change in the weather. The road came to an abrupt end. The storm caused an abrupt power failure. She has an abrupt manner.
Recent Examples on the Web Wallis Simpson, the woman whose fate altered Elizabeth’s destiny, wrote of being unprepared for Edward’s abrupt rejection by an establishment that had put him on a pedestal. Adrian Higgins, Washington Post, 8 Sep. 2022 The spectacularly volatile compound of place and moment was exploding into galaxies of potentialities that invited psychological exploration, social experimentation, abrupt life transitions, and exuberant or desperate adventure. Deborah Eisenberg, The New York Review of Books, 7 Sep. 2022 The latter interest leads him to develop new friendships with local music students, compounding Pádraic’s abrupt isolation. David Rooney, The Hollywood Reporter, 5 Sep. 2022 If not, the resulting damage could lead to an abrupt engine shutdown and aborted flight. Denise Chow, NBC News, 3 Sep. 2022 If not, the resulting damage could lead to an abrupt engine shutdown and aborted flight. Marcia Dunn, Chron, 3 Sep. 2022 If not, the resulting damage could lead to an abrupt engine shutdown and aborted flight. Marcia Dunn, Chicago Tribune, 3 Sep. 2022 Barbie's abrupt exit followed a pre-existing backlash surrounding Hunter Schafer, who plays Jules, another leading character on the show. Francesca Specter, Glamour, 1 Sep. 2022 The abrupt transition to remote work was smoother than adapting to the current reality, in which some people stay home and others schlep back to the office. Ben Cohen, WSJ, 1 Sep. 2022 See More

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from Latin abruptus "steep, sheer, broken or cut off too short," from past participle of abrumpere "to break, rupture, break off short," from ab- ab- + rumpere "to cause to break or burst," going back to Indo-European *ru-n-p-, nasal present formation from the base *reu̯p- "break, tear" — more at reave

First Known Use

1576, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of abrupt was in 1576

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