misfortune may apply to either the incident or conjunction of events that is the cause of an unhappy change of fortune or to the ensuing state of distress.
never lost hope even in the depths of misfortune
mischance applies especially to a situation involving no more than slight inconvenience or minor annoyance.
took the wrong road by mischance
adversity applies to a state of grave or persistent misfortune.
had never experienced great adversity
mishap applies to an often trivial instance of bad luck.
the usual mishaps of a family vacation
Example Sentences
two enemies brought together by mischance the smallest mischance could spell disaster for our plan
Recent Examples on the WebTimothy Naftali, New York University historian But mischance and error plagued the U.S. effort to divert the missile crisis. Glenn Garvin, miamiherald, 18 Oct. 2015
Word History
Etymology
Middle English mischaunce, from Anglo-French meschance, from mes- mis- + chance chance