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Did you know?
Enigma comes from a Greek word that means "to speak in riddles." It applies to things, as well as to people, that puzzle one's mind. Egypt's ancient pyramids and quantum mechanics, for example, might be described as enigmas, as well as physicist Stephen Hawking. In these uses, the word's meaning is a figurative extension of the original "riddle" sense.
Did you know?
Are you an enigma?
A person who is described as an enigma is a bit of a mystery. You never know what that person is really thinking, or what his or her motives for doing something are. An enigma is not easily understood especially because he or she has a confusing mixture of qualities that seem to be in opposition to one another—for example, the attention-seeking but reclusive musician, or the brilliant lawyer who gets lost on the drive home from the grocery store.
The word enigma originally referred not to people but to words, and specifically to words that formed a riddle or complicated metaphor that tested the listener's or reader's alertness and cleverness. This meaning is clearly connected to the word's history. Enigma comes from a Greek word that means "to speak in riddles."
The word enigma didn't jump from referring to riddles to referring to people. In between those uses, it was (and still is) applied to things that puzzle people. Egypt's meticulously constructed Pyramids of Giza or a theory of quantum physics, for example, might be described as enigmas. In these uses, the meaning is simply a figurative extension of the original "riddle" sense.
Synonyms
Example Sentences
Despite the enigma of the singularity, the big bang theory is unquestionably one of the most successful ideas in the history of science. 
Tom Yulsman, Astronomy, September 1999 Many scholars call it the ultimate enigma of the Nazi era, indeed perhaps of modern history: How did the Holocaust happen? And why in Germany? Ralph Blumenthal, New York Times, 10 Jan. 1998 Indeed, the bond that in every individual connects the physiological life and the psychic life—or better the relation existing between the contingence of an individual and the free spirit that assumes it—is the deepest enigma implied in the condition of being human, and this enigma is presented in its most disturbing form in woman. Simone de Beauvoir, translated and edited by H. M. Parshley, The Second Sex, 1953 To his friends, he was always something of an enigma. one of the great enigmas of our time
Tom Yulsman, Astronomy, September 1999 Many scholars call it the ultimate enigma of the Nazi era, indeed perhaps of modern history: How did the Holocaust happen? And why in Germany? Ralph Blumenthal, New York Times, 10 Jan. 1998 Indeed, the bond that in every individual connects the physiological life and the psychic life—or better the relation existing between the contingence of an individual and the free spirit that assumes it—is the deepest enigma implied in the condition of being human, and this enigma is presented in its most disturbing form in woman. Simone de Beauvoir, translated and edited by H. M. Parshley, The Second Sex, 1953 To his friends, he was always something of an enigma. one of the great enigmas of our time Recent Examples on the Web For many Americans, the late Queen Elizabeth II was an enigma. Matthew Gilbert, BostonGlobe.com, 9 Sep. 2022 Many members of Manea's family now take part, allowing visitors, expatriates and tourists, to interact with the people who often remain an enigma to even those living within the UAE, where Emiratis are just 10-15% of the population. Melanie Swan, CNN, 2 Sep. 2022 While the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has dashboards for Covid-19 and even monkeypox, gun violence is still an enigma for the public health community. Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN, 8 June 2022 The protagonist of the new Netflix film written by Lena Waithe, Beauty, is an enigma. Lovia Gyarkye, The Hollywood Reporter, 29 June 2022 The Latino paradox concept was hardly an enigma for Boyle Heights resident Carlos Montes. Los Angeles Times, 13 Apr. 2022 As China rose, as America fought and lost its forever wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as technology networked the world, a Russian enigma took form in the Kremlin. New York Times, 26 Mar. 2022 John Ibrahim is – amongst so many things – an enigma wrapped in a mystery. Patrick Frater, Variety, 16 Mar. 2022 Right now, Allan is the biggest enigma of the Christie family. Maureen Lee Lenker, EW.com, 14 Mar. 2022 See More
Matthew Gilbert, BostonGlobe.com, 9 Sep. 2022 Many members of Manea's family now take part, allowing visitors, expatriates and tourists, to interact with the people who often remain an enigma to even those living within the UAE, where Emiratis are just 10-15% of the population. Melanie Swan, CNN, 2 Sep. 2022 While the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has dashboards for Covid-19 and even monkeypox, gun violence is still an enigma for the public health community. Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN, 8 June 2022 The protagonist of the new Netflix film written by Lena Waithe, Beauty, is an enigma. Lovia Gyarkye, The Hollywood Reporter, 29 June 2022 The Latino paradox concept was hardly an enigma for Boyle Heights resident Carlos Montes. Los Angeles Times, 13 Apr. 2022 As China rose, as America fought and lost its forever wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as technology networked the world, a Russian enigma took form in the Kremlin. New York Times, 26 Mar. 2022 John Ibrahim is – amongst so many things – an enigma wrapped in a mystery. Patrick Frater, Variety, 16 Mar. 2022 Right now, Allan is the biggest enigma of the Christie family. Maureen Lee Lenker, EW.com, 14 Mar. 2022 See More Word History
Etymology
Latin aenigma, from Greek ainigmat-, ainigma, from ainissesthai to speak in riddles, from ainos fable
First Known Use
1539, in the meaning defined at sense 3
Time Traveler
The first known use of enigma was in 1539 👨🏻🏫 Mr. Ng 韋氏詞典 📚 – mw.mister5️⃣.net
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