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temperament
- She has a nervous temperament. [=she is a nervous person]她是个神经过敏的人。
- The dogs have excellent temperaments. [=dispositions, tempers]这些狗脾性很好。
- people with artistic/poetic temperaments有艺术家/诗人气质的人
- The two women were opposite in temperament.这两个女人的性情截然相反。
temperament
noun
Did you know?
Why is temperament spelled the way it is?
Blame Latin.
Like the related noun temper (which most often refers to a person's tendency to become angry, but also has a neutral sense very close to that of temperament, among other meanings) temperament traces back to a Latin word, temperare, which means "to mix or blend." The a in temperare lives on in the modern spelling of temperament.
Temperament is an old word (it dates to the 15th century) with multiple meanings, but in modern use it typically refers to the usual attitude, mood, or behavior of a person or animal. If you're adopting a dog, you might look for one with a sweet temperament; you might describe someone who is often nervous as having a nervous temperament.
Did you know?
What is the difference between disposition and predisposition?
What exactly is someone's disposition? And is it different from a predisposition? A person's disposition is his or her usual mood or attitude. Are you typically pretty happy? You could be described as having a happy—or cheerful, or sunny—disposition. Animals have dispositions too; a dog with a nervous disposition doesn't easily relax into a restful pup curled up at someone’s feet. In this use, disposition is a synonym of temperament; both words refer to the complex set of attitudes and inclinations that guide behavior.
Disposition can also mean "tendency" or "inclination," and in such cases it has a surprising synonym: predisposition. A disposition to exaggerate is the same as a predisposition to exaggerate. A disposition toward humility is likewise the same thing as a predisposition toward humility. The fact of being "in advance" that the prefix pre- implies hardly matters when tendency and inclination are concerned, since both concern what is likely to happen in the future.
While phrases like "a disposition to cooperate" are about as common as "a predisposition to cooperate," when the context is medical, predisposition is far more common. Phrases like "a genetic predisposition to nearsightedness" appear much more frequently in published, edited text than similar phrases employing disposition.
Synonyms
Example Sentences
Joan Meiners, The Arizona Republic, 15 June 2022 Still, the primary is a test of what kind of temperament in office and governing approach Republican voters find acceptable. Joshua Jamerson, WSJ, 23 May 2022 But Powell has a first class temperament and deep experience in financial markets. David Meyer, Fortune, 17 Mar. 2022 Write about a refined single woman with a melancholy temperament and an exquisite sensibility moving languidly through her beautiful old European city, and a certain amount of romanticizing is all but inescapable. Sigrid Nunez, The New York Review of Books, 11 May 2021 Directors and curators find that Millennial staffers lack critical-thinking skills, temperament, and perspective. Brian T. Allen, National Review, 7 July 2022 While every company is unique and none can accurately predict the temperament of the market before filing an S-1, there are valuable lessons to help guide this arduous process. Michael Praeger, Forbes, 9 June 2022 Prosecutors drilled down into the amnesia defense, missing gun barrel and the emotional temperament of Nancy Crampton Brophy as the Oregon romance writer’s trial in the killing of her chef husband reached a crescendo Tuesday. oregonlive, 17 May 2022 For the first time in two off-seasons, the Packers, one of the league’s oldest and most-storied franchises, can divert attention to other matters rather than wondering about the temperament of their star quarterback. New York Times, 14 Mar. 2022 See More Word History
Middle English, "regulation of the body's vital spirit, proportion of humors in the body," borrowed from Latin temperāmentum "mixture of substances in proper proportion, mean between hot and cold, compromise between extremes, moderation" (Medieval Latin, "proper balance of bodily humors"), from temperāre "to moderate, bring to a proper strength or consistency by mixing, maintain in a state of balance" + -mentum -ment — more at temper entry 2
15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4
noun
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