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presume
1 ENTRIES FOUND:
presumes; presumed; presuming
presumes; presumed; presuming
Learner's definition of PRESUME
[+ object]
1
a : to think that (something) is true without knowing that it is true推测；猜测
- I presume [=assume, expect] (that) you'll fly to Chicago rather than drive.我估计你会坐飞机去芝加哥，不会开车去。
- I presume (that) the car was very expensive. = The car was very expensive, I presume.我猜这车应该很贵。
- “Is she still at work?” “I presume so, since she's not home.”“她还在上班吗？”“我想应该是，因为她不在家。”
b : to accept legally or officially that something is true until it is proved not true（法律上或官方）假定，假设，推定
- A person is presumed (to be) innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.法律规定，未经法庭证明有罪即假定为无罪。
- The court must presume innocence until there is proof of guilt.找到犯罪证据之前法庭必须假定为无罪。
- After the earthquake several people were missing and presumed dead. [=believed to be dead]地震后一些人失踪了，并被推定罹难。
2
formal : to do (something) that you do not have the right or permission to do越权行事；擅自行事 — followed by to + verb接动词不定式
- How can you presume [=dare] to speak for her?你怎敢为她说话？
- I'm not going to presume to tell you how to do your job.我不会越俎代庖，跟你说你的活该怎么干。
3
: to expect that someone has (a certain level of knowledge, skill, etc.)假设；设想
- The course presumes familiarity with basic computer programming. [=people who take the course should know basic computer programming]这门课程要求学者应熟悉基本的计算机编程技术。
presume on/upon
[phrasal verb] presume on/upon (something) formal
: to expect too much from (a relationship) in a way that shows that you do not understand your role in the relationship : to go beyond the proper limits of (a relationship)滥用（关系）
- I don't want to presume on/upon our friendship by asking for too many favors.我不想滥用咱们的朋友关系向你要太多好处。
presumed; presuming
presumer noun
Did you know?
The Difference Between Assume and Presume
Assume and presume both mean "to take something for granted" or "to take something as true," but the words differ in the degree of confidence the person assuming or presuming has. Presume is used when someone is making an informed guess based on reasonable evidence. Assume is used when the guess is based on little or no evidence.
Presume functions a little differently in the legal catchphrase "presumed innocent until proven guilty." That sense of presume is separately defined as "to suppose to be true without proof." It is based on the fact that legal systems grant a defendant the presumption of innocence, thereby placing the burden of proof on the prosecution.
Synonyms
Example Sentences
“Is she still at work?” “I presume so, since she's not home.” The court must presume innocence until there is proof of guilt.
Recent Examples on the Web And, what about afflictions such as schizophrenia or bipolar and anxiety disorders that many presume to be attached to chemical problems in the brain? 
Dr. Keith Roach, oregonlive, 7 Sep. 2022 The medical logic of inept politicians is jarring enough to presume that the ineptitude might itself be circumscribed by a medical explanation. Wired, 11 Aug. 2022 The legislation now requires the Department of Veterans Affairs to presume that some illnesses are linked to vets having been exposed to toxic burn pits while on duty. Catherine Garcia, The Week, 2 Aug. 2022 Evidence shows when juries believe lyrics to be rap lyrics, there’s a tendency to presume it’s a confession, whereas lyrics for other genres of music are understood to be art, not factual reporting. Shirley Halperin, Variety, 27 July 2022 And airline schedulers took the increase in traffic to presume everyone suddenly wanted to take a flight, in many cases to a new destination. Peter Greenberg, CBS News, 21 July 2022 Agencies may not lightly presume that the legislature has delegated to them the most important policy questions of our day and simply decide those questions themselves. Paul Atkins, WSJ, 12 July 2022 Those who haven't experienced pregnancy or childbirth presume a general idea of what happens to the body: changes in your hair, skin, breast size and of course a growing baby bump. Sara M Moniuszko, USA TODAY, 15 Apr. 2022 Sometimes their lawyers are waiting for them, alerted by families who presume they have been arrested. Allison Mccann, New York Times, 16 July 2022 See More
Dr. Keith Roach, oregonlive, 7 Sep. 2022 The medical logic of inept politicians is jarring enough to presume that the ineptitude might itself be circumscribed by a medical explanation. Wired, 11 Aug. 2022 The legislation now requires the Department of Veterans Affairs to presume that some illnesses are linked to vets having been exposed to toxic burn pits while on duty. Catherine Garcia, The Week, 2 Aug. 2022 Evidence shows when juries believe lyrics to be rap lyrics, there’s a tendency to presume it’s a confession, whereas lyrics for other genres of music are understood to be art, not factual reporting. Shirley Halperin, Variety, 27 July 2022 And airline schedulers took the increase in traffic to presume everyone suddenly wanted to take a flight, in many cases to a new destination. Peter Greenberg, CBS News, 21 July 2022 Agencies may not lightly presume that the legislature has delegated to them the most important policy questions of our day and simply decide those questions themselves. Paul Atkins, WSJ, 12 July 2022 Those who haven't experienced pregnancy or childbirth presume a general idea of what happens to the body: changes in your hair, skin, breast size and of course a growing baby bump. Sara M Moniuszko, USA TODAY, 15 Apr. 2022 Sometimes their lawyers are waiting for them, alerted by families who presume they have been arrested. Allison Mccann, New York Times, 16 July 2022 See More Word History
Etymology
Middle English, from Late Latin & Anglo-French; Anglo-French presumer, from Late Latin praesumere to dare, from Latin, to anticipate, assume, from prae- + sumere to take — more at consume
First Known Use
14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1
Time Traveler
The first known use of presume was in the 14th century Phrases Containing presume
verb
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