: the action by a celestial body of going round in an orbit or elliptical course
also: apparent movement of such a body round the earth
(2)
: the time taken by a celestial body to make a complete round in its orbit
(3)
: the rotation of a celestial body on its axis
b
: completion of a course (as of years)
also: the period made by the regular succession of a measure of time or by a succession of similar events
c(1)
: a progressive motion of a body around an axis so that any line of the body parallel to the axis returns to its initial position while remaining parallel to the axis in transit and usually at a constant distance from it
(2)
: motion of any figure about a center or axis
revolution of a right triangle about one of its legs generates a cone
especially: the overthrow or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed
c
: activity or movement designed to effect fundamental changes in the socioeconomic situation
d
: a fundamental change in the way of thinking about or visualizing something : a change of paradigm
the Copernican revolution
e
: a changeover in use or preference especially in technology
the computer revolution
the foreign car revolution
Did you know?
Revolution and Revolt
Revolution and revolt have a shared origin, both ultimately going back to the Latin revolvere “to revolve, roll back.” When revolution first appeared in English in the 14th century, it referred to the movement of a celestial body in orbit; that sense was extended to “a progressive motion of a body around an axis,” “completion of a course,” and other senses suggesting regularity of motion or a predictable return to an original position. At virtually the same time, the word developed a sharply different meaning, namely, ”a sudden radical, or complete change,” apparently from the idea of reversal of direction implicit in the Latin verb. Revolt , which initially meant “to renounce allegiance,” grew from the same idea of “rolling back,” in this case from a prior bond of loyalty.
rebellion implies an open formidable resistance that is often unsuccessful.
open rebellion against the officers
revolution applies to a successful rebellion resulting in a major change (as in government).
a political revolution that toppled the monarchy
uprising implies a brief, limited, and often immediately ineffective rebellion.
quickly put down the uprising
revolt and insurrection imply an armed uprising that quickly fails or succeeds.
a revolt by the Young Turks that surprised party leaders
an insurrection of oppressed laborers
mutiny applies to group insubordination or insurrection especially against naval authority.
a mutiny led by the ship's cook
Example Sentences
The group started a revolution. The king knew that there was a threat of revolution. This new theory could cause a revolution in elementary education. the revolution of the Earth around the Sun The period of revolution of the Earth around the Sun is equal to one year. The Earth makes one revolution on its axis in about 24 hours. This motor operates at a speed of 5,000 revolutions per minute. See More
Recent Examples on the WebLike everybody else in the post-Soviet world, Rokosh and the other men have read Gene Sharp, the philosopher of nonviolent revolution and civic activism who died in 2018. Anne Applebaum, The Atlantic, 7 Sep. 2022 According to a 2008 British WikiLeaks cable, Iran’s regime has executed 4,000-6000 gays and lesbians since the country’s 1979 Islamic revolution. Benjamin Weinthal, Fox News, 6 Sep. 2022 Any wholesale revolution will probably come, again, through the law, not the court of public opinion. Zach Osterman, The Indianapolis Star, 1 Sep. 2022 Gorbachev’s revolution from above had from its beginning been dependent on reform advocates preventing the conservative elites from undermining his program. Ronald Suny, The Conversation, 31 Aug. 2022 John McEnroe compared her game-changing impact to Stephen Curry’s in leading basketball’s three-point revolution. Joshua Robinson, WSJ, 28 Aug. 2022 The hilly, forested terrain is also the hideout of the last remnants of the Shining Path, who focus more now on providing protection for the narcos than Maoist revolution. Simeon Tegel, Washington Post, 27 Aug. 2022 So, perhaps a better way to look at it is as evolution not revolution. Lisa Caldwell, Forbes, 18 Aug. 2022 But as subscription increases start to slow down, Hollywood is entering a new phase of its streaming revolution; one of relative restraint and conservatism. Ryan Faughnder, Los Angeles Times, 16 Aug. 2022 See More
Word History
Etymology
Middle English revolucioun "rotation of the heavenly spheres around the earth, cyclical recurrence, completed motion around an axis, change of fortune," borrowed from Middle French & Medieval Latin; Middle French revolucion "return of a celestial body to its point of departure, recurrence," borrowed from Medieval Latin revolūtiōn-, revolūtiō, going back to Late Latin, "a rolling back, return, recurrence," from Latin revolū-, variant stem of revolvere "to roll back to a starting point, (passive) travel in a circular course, return to a starting point" + -tiōn-, -tiō, suffix of verbal action — more at revolve
First Known Use
14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a(1)
Time Traveler
The first known use of revolution was in the 14th century
1changing the political system改變政治體制ADJECTIVE | VERB + REVOLUTION | REVOLUTION + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASESADJECTIVE➤successful成功的革命▸➤bloody, violent流血的/暴力革命◇Thousands of people were killed in the bloody revolution that toppled the government.在推翻政府的流血革命中,成千上萬的人被殺害。➤bloodless, peaceful不流血的/和平革命▸➤popular民眾的革命▸➤political政治革命▸➤communist, democratic, socialist, etc.共產主義、民主、社會主義等革命▸➤bourgeois, proletarian資產階級/無產階級革命▸➤world世界革命◇Some Marxists still believe that socialism will one day triumph through world revolution.一些馬克思主義者依然相信社會主義總有一天將通過世界革命取得勝利。VERB + REVOLUTION➤carry out, fight, foment, stage進行革命;發動革命;煽動革命◇The activists were charged with fomenting revolution.激進主義分子被指控煽動革命。➤lead領導革命▸➤crush, put down鎮壓革命▸➤call for呼籲革命REVOLUTION + VERB➤break out革命爆發▸➤spread革命蔓延▸➤overthrow sth, topple sth革命推翻⋯◇the revolution which overthrew the old regime推翻舊政權的革命➤fail革命失敗◇the failed 1911 revolution失敗的 1911 年革命PREPOSITION➤revolution against反對⋯的革命◇a revolution against communist rule反對共產主義統治的革命PHRASES➤the outbreak of the revolution革命的爆發➤revolution from above, revolution from below (= by people already in power/by people without political power)當權者/無權者的革命▸➤the threat of revolution (especially BrE) 革命的威脅revolution
noun²
2complete change in methods, opinions, etc.方式或觀念的徹底改變ADJECTIVE | VERB + REVOLUTION | REVOLUTION + VERB | PREPOSITIONADJECTIVE➤quiet悄悄的改變◇There has been a quiet revolution in the way writing is taught.寫作教學的方法已悄悄發生了變革。➤complete徹底的變革▸➤virtual實質性的變革▸➤minor小小的變動▸➤agrarian, agricultural, computer, cultural, digital, economic, electronic, industrial, information, Internet, political, scientific, sexual, social, technological土地改革;農業變革;計算機革命;文化革命;數字革命;經濟變革;電子革命;工業革命;信息革命;因特網革命;政治變革;科學革新;性革命;社會變革;技術革命VERB + REVOLUTION➤achieve, begin, bring, bring about, create, launch, spark, start實現變革;開始變革;帶來變革;引起變革;發動變革;引發變革◇The coming of the Internet brought about a revolution in people's leisure activities.因特網的出現引起了人們閒暇活動的巨大變化。➤lead領導變革▸➤go through, undergo經歷變革◇Marketing has undergone a revolution in recent years.市場營銷近年經歷了一場革命。➤see目睹變革◇The last decade has seen a revolution in telecommunications.在過去的 10 年裏,電信業發生了巨大變革。➤embrace, welcome (especially BrE) 擁護革命◇Doctors have welcomed the fitness revolution.醫生們都擁護這場健康革命。REVOLUTION + VERB➤occur, take place變革發生◇As the 18th century wore on, an agricultural revolution took place.18 世紀慢慢過去,農業革命爆發了。➤go on變革繼續◇There has been a revolution going on in farming during the last five years.過去的 5 年裏,農業發生了巨變。➤transform sth革命改變⋯◇The computer revolution has transformed the workplace.計算機革命已經改變了我們的工作環境。PREPOSITION➤revolution in⋯的突破◇He achieved a virtual revolution in the way music is recorded.他在音樂錄製方面取得了實質性的突破。revolution
noun³
3movement around sth; one complete turn旋轉一週ADJECTIVE | VERB + REVOLUTION | PREPOSITION | PHRASESADJECTIVE➤complete, full轉一整圈◇One full revolution of the knob will open the hatch.把門柄轉一圈就可以打開艙口蓋。VERB + REVOLUTION➤complete, make旋轉PREPOSITION➤through a revolution旋轉一週◇The earth turns through one complete revolution every 24 hours.地球每 24 小時旋轉一週。➤revolution about, revolution around繞⋯旋轉◇Jupiter makes a complete revolution around the sun every 12 years.木星每 12 年繞太陽一週。PHRASES➤revolutions a minute, revolutions per minute每分鐘的旋轉數