futile may connote completeness of failure or unwisdom of undertaking.
resistance had proved so futile that surrender was the only choice left
vain usually implies simple failure to achieve a desired result.
a vain attempt to get the car started
fruitless comes close to vain but often suggests long and arduous effort or severe disappointment.
fruitless efforts to obtain a lasting peace
Example Sentences
For a half a century, scholars have searched in vain for the source of the jade that the early civilizations of the Americas prized above all else and fashioned into precious objects of worship, trade and adornment. William J. Broad, New York Times, 22 May 2002… the miseries of people's lives ought not to be exploited ad libitum in the furtherance of our profits or our careers, and in the vain conviction that we understand everything. Richard Taruskin, New Republic, 24 Dec. 2001It is in vain to say human beings ought to be satisfied with tranquillity: they must have action; and they will make it if they cannot find it. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1847Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, 1813Where words are scarce, they are seldom spent in vain … William Shakespeare, King Richard the Second, 1596 She is very vain about her appearance. He is the vainest man I know. A vain effort to quell the public's fears only made matters worse. Volunteers searched the area in the vain hope of finding clues. See More
Recent Examples on the WebThe series stars Spider-Man franchise actor Jacob Batalon and is set in a world populated by beautiful, fit and vain vampires. Clark Collis, EW.com, 14 July 2022 Still, Johnson keeps it entertaining as a wine-loving 19th-century Englishwoman reunited with the one who got away – a vulnerable Navy captain played by the impressive Cosmo Jarvis – while also being wooed by a vain yet handsome gentleman (Golding). Brian Truitt, USA TODAY, 14 July 2022 Julia is spiky and vain, a queen bee with an attitude. Natalia Winkelman, BostonGlobe.com, 29 June 2022 My characters are like anthropomorphic animals, typical of fairy tales, but their behavior is very human, very violent, cruel and vain. Holly Jones, Variety, 13 June 2022 Cosmetic surgery, nowadays more commonly associated with elective procedures for the wealthy and vain, in fact evolved under the most brutal conditions and with the noblest of aims.Los Angeles Times, 8 June 2022 Even in the world of the undead, however, Reginald is an outsider, being the only full-figured blood sucker in a world of beautiful, fit and incredibly vain vamps. Scott Roxborough, The Hollywood Reporter, 6 Apr. 2022 Tom Steward plays headmaster Bill as disconnected and vain, lecturing his son on his professed EDI beliefs without any seeming conviction behind it.San Diego Union-Tribune, 4 Feb. 2022 Historically, cosmetic treatments and enhancements have been seen as procedures reserved for the white, affluent, and vain, but that is quickly changing. Ruth Samuel, Allure, 21 July 2021 See More
Word History
Etymology
Middle English veyn "empty, futile, groundless, foolish, excessively proud," borrowed from Anglo-French vain, vein, going back to Latin vānus "lacking content, empty, illusory, marked by foolish or empty pride" — more at wane entry 1